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Introduction |
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Chapter 1: |
Global Law Department Management |
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- § 1:1 : Introduction1-1
- § 1:2 : The Importance of a Shared Culture1-3
- § 1:3 : Organizational Models1-4
- § 1:3.1 : Reporting Lines1-4
- § 1:3.2 : Department Structure1-5
- § 1:4 : Staffing1-6
- § 1:4.1 : Attorneys1-7
- § 1:4.2 : Support Staff1-8
- § 1:5 : Outsourcing and Legal Work1-10
- § 1:6 : Communication and Coordination1-14
- § 1:7 : International Attorney-Client Privilege1-14
- § 1:8 : Law Office Management1-15
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Chapter 2: |
International Attorney-Client Privilege |
Isabel Franco ~ Demarest Almeida |
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- § 2:1 : Introduction2-2
- § 2:1.1 : Civil Law System2-3
- § 2:1.2 : Common Law System2-4
- § 2:1.3 : Civil Law System Versus Common Law System2-6
- § 2:2 : Analysis of the Principle in Selected Jurisdictions2-7
- § 2:2.1 : United States2-7
- § 2:2.2 : Europe2-7
- [A] : Austria2-9
- [B] : Germany2-10
- [C] : Belgium2-11
- [D] : France2-11
- [E] : Italy2-13
- [F] : Portugal2-14
- [G] : Spain2-14
- [H] : The Netherlands2-14
- [I] : England and Wales2-15
- [J] : Scotland2-15
- [K] : Ireland2-16
- [L] : Switzerland2-16
- [M] : Turkey2-16
- [N] : Greece2-17
- [O] : Scandinavia (Denmark, Sweden, and Norway)2-18
- § 2:2.3 : North America (Other Than United States)2-18
- [A] : Canada2-18
- [B] : Mexico2-19
- § 2:2.4 : South America2-19
- [A] : Argentina2-19
- [B] : Brazil2-20
- [C] : Chile2-20
- [D] : Peru2-21
- [E] : Venezuela2-21
- § 2:2.5 : Asia2-21
- [A] : China2-21
- [B] : Japan2-21
- [C] : Korea2-22
- [D] : Hong Kong2-22
- [E] : Thailand2-22
- [F] : India2-22
- § 2:2.6 : Other Countries2-23
- [A] : Australia2-23
- [B] : Russia2-23
- [C] : South Africa2-24
- [D] : United Arab Emirates (UAE)2-24
- [E] : Egypt2-24
- [F] : Israel2-25
- [G] : Saudi Arabia2-25
- § 2:3 : The Threat to the Principle2-25
- § 2:4 : Conclusion2-26
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Chapter 3: |
International Law Firm Network; And Appendices 3A-3B |
Jonathan E Goldberg ~ SNR Denton Brian S. Cousin ~ Seyfarth Shaw LLP Jose M Jara ~ SNR Denton |
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- § 3:1 : Introduction3-2
- § 3:2 : Law Firms As Providers of International Legal Services3-4
- § 3:3 : Affiliations As Providers of International Legal Services3-8
- § 3:4 : Creating an International Law Firm Network to Provide International Legal Services3-10
- § 3:5 : Other Resources for Creating an International Law Firm Network3-12
- § 3:5.1 : Consultants3-12
- § 3:5.2 : Accountants3-13
- § 3:5.3 : Bar Associations3-14
- § 3:5.4 : Foreign Legal Consultants3-15
- § 3:6 : Conclusion3-16
- Appendix 3A : Checklist for Creating an International Law Firm Network (The “Special Teams” Structure)App. 3A-1
- Appendix 3B : Maps Illustrating International Law Firm NetworksApp. 3B-1
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Chapter 4: |
Foreign Legal Consultants; And Appendix 4A: ABA Model Rule for the Licensing and Practice of Foreign Legal Consultants |
Victor Xercavins ~ Cuatrecasas Marco Sanz ~ Cuatrecasas |
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- § 4:1 : Introduction4-2
- § 4:2 : Development of FLC Rules in the United States4-4
- § 4:3 : Principal Provisions of the FLC Rules4-7
- § 4:3.1 : General Requirements4-7
- [A] : Admission in the Foreign Jurisdiction4-7
- [B] : Professional Experience4-8
- [C] : Character and Fitness4-10
- [D] : Minimum Age4-11
- [E] : Office in the United States4-11
- § 4:3.2 : Scope of Practice Permitted4-12
- [A] : Appearance Before Courts4-13
- [B] : Property in the United States4-14
- [C] : Family Law4-14
- [D] : Local Law4-14
- [E] : Title and Designation Restrictions4-16
- § 4:3.3 : Other Provisions4-16
- [A] : Reciprocity4-16
- [B] : Affiliation with Other Members of the Bar4-17
- § 4:4 : State Variations4-18
- § 4:4.1 : Professional Experience4-18
- § 4:4.2 : Reciprocity4-19
- § 4:4.3 : Scope of Practice4-20
- § 4:5 : Proposed Amendments to the Model Rule4-20
- § 4:5.1 : Discretion of the Court4-21
- § 4:5.2 : Professional Experience4-21
- § 4:5.3 : Minimum Age Requirement4-21
- § 4:5.4 : Scope of Practice4-22
- § 4:5.5 : Reciprocity4-22
- Appendix 4A : ABA Model Rule for the Licensing and Practice of Foreign Legal ConsultantsApp. 4A-1
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Chapter 5: |
Outsourcing and the Use of Contract Attorneys |
Craig Brown ~ Strategic Legal Solutions |
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- § 5:1 : Outsourcing of Legal Services in the United States5-2
- § 5:1.1 : What Is Outsourcing?5-2
- § 5:1.2 : The Legal Profession’s Initial Use of Outsourcing5-2
- § 5:1.3 : Contract Attorneys5-3
- § 5:1.4 : Growing Acceptance of Contract Attorneys5-4
- § 5:1.5 : Legal Work Suited to Contract Attorneys5-5
- § 5:1.6 : Effect of E-Discovery5-5
- § 5:1.7 : Who Becomes a Contract Attorney and Why5-6
- § 5:1.8 : Common Myths About Contract Attorneys5-7
- § 5:1.9 : Benefits of Hiring Contract Attorneys5-7
- [A] : Cost Savings5-8
- [B] : Specialty Expertise5-8
- [C] : Handling Routine Legal Work5-8
- [D] : Meeting Deadlines5-9
- [E] : Adding Staff Without Adding Headcount5-9
- [F] : Filling in for Staff on Leave5-9
- [G] : Diversifying Client Base and Increasing Profits5-10
- [H] : Allowing Better Training for Associates and Corporate Counsel5-10
- [I] : Trying Out Potential New Staff5-10
- § 5:1.10 : How to Hire Contract Attorneys5-10
- [A] : Independent Contractors5-10
- [B] : Employees5-11
- [C] : Contract Legal Staffing Agency5-11
- § 5:1.11 : Rates and Billing5-12
- § 5:1.12 : Ethical Considerations5-12
- [A] : Applicability of Ethical Rules5-12
- [B] : Disclosure5-12
- [C] : Confidentiality5-13
- [D] : Fee Splitting5-13
- [E] : Preserving Independent Professional Judgment5-13
- [F] : Surcharges5-13
- § 5:2 : Outsourcing of Legal Services Overseas (“Offshoring”)5-13
- § 5:2.1 : Why India?5-14
- § 5:2.2 : Document Review in India?5-15
- § 5:3 : “Onshoring” or “Nearshoring” of Document Reviews5-15
- § 5:4 : Conclusion5-16
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Chapter 6: |
International Corporate Compliance; And Appendices 6A-6B |
Rebecca Walker ~ Kaplan & Walker LLP |
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- § 6:1 : Introduction6-2
- § 6:2 : Why Implement an International Compliance Program?6-3
- § 6:2.1 : Global Economic Incentives6-3
- § 6:2.2 : United States Laws with International Applicability6-4
- § 6:2.3 : Other Countries’ Laws Encouraging Compliance6-7
- § 6:2.4 : Nongovernmental Organizations6-9
- § 6:3 : How to Develop an International Compliance Program Using the Sentencing Guidelines6-11
- § 6:3.1 : Components of an Effective Compliance Program6-12
- [A] : Standards and Procedures6-12
- [B] : Responsible Individuals6-13
- [C] : Exclusion of Certain Persons6-14
- [D] : Communication of Standards and Procedures, Including Training6-14
- [E] : Auditing, Monitoring, and Reporting6-16
- [F] : Incentives and Penalties6-17
- [G] : Response to Wrongdoing6-18
- § 6:3.2 : Periodic Risk Assessment6-18
- § 6:3.3 : Relevance of Size of Organization6-19
- § 6:4 : Other Frameworks for a Compliance Program6-19
- § 6:5 : Tailoring the Compliance Program to Individual Countries6-24
- § 6:6 : Practical Steps6-24
- Appendix 6A : Comparison of French Whistleblower Guidelines of 2005App. 6A-1
- Appendix 6B : Whistleblower Hotlines in EuropeApp. 6B-1
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Chapter 7: |
Corporate Social Responsibility Standards and Monitoring Programs |
Michael A. Levine ~ Epstein Becker & Green, P.C. |
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- § 7:1 : Overview7-2
- § 7:1.1 : What Is Corporate Social Responsibility?7-2
- § 7:1.2 : Why Should Corporations Engage in CSR?7-5
- § 7:1.3 : Conditions for a Successful CSR Program7-6
- § 7:2 : Key Components of CSR7-7
- § 7:2.1 : Standards7-7
- [A] : Topics to Be Addressed7-7
- [A][1] : Forced Labor7-8
- [A][2] : Child Labor7-8
- [A][3] : Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining7-9
- [A][4] : Living Wage7-9
- [A][5] : Other Topics7-10
- [B] : Industry-Specific Codes of Conduct7-10
- [B][1] : Electronics Industry7-10
- [B][2] : Other Industries7-11
- [C] : Joint CSR Efforts7-11
- § 7:2.2 : Monitoring7-14
- § 7:2.3 : Scope of CSR Program7-18
- § 7:3 : Legal Issues7-19
- § 7:3.1 : Alien Tort Statute7-19
- § 7:3.2 : Product Safety Legislation7-35
- § 7:3.3 : Corporations’ Susceptibility to Jurisdiction in Countries in Which Their Products Are Made7-37
- § 7:3.4 : Selected Federal Laws That Address Issues Encompassed by CSR Standards and Monitoring Efforts7-38
- [A] : Trade Act of 19307-38
- [B] : Prison-Made Goods7-39
- [C] : Fair Labor Standards Act of 19387-39
- [D] : Occupational Safety & Health Act of 19707-41
- [E] : Federal Sentencing Guidelines7-43
- § 7:3.5 : Selected State Laws That Address Issues Encompassed by CSR Standards and Monitoring Efforts7-44
- § 7:3.6 : Other Selected Legislation7-45
- § 7:4 : Transparency and Disclosure7-47
- § 7:5 : NGOs and Their Campaigns7-50
- § 7:6 : Benefits to Corporations7-52
- § 7:6.1 : Brand Protection7-52
- § 7:6.2 : Risk Management7-52
- § 7:6.3 : Investor Relations7-52
- § 7:6.4 : Attracting and Retaining Employees7-54
- § 7:6.5 : Profitability7-55
- § 7:6.6 : Consumer Relations7-56
- § 7:7 : Conclusion7-58
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Chapter 8: |
International Crisis Management |
Robert W Littleton ~ Littleon Joyce Ughetta & Park Thomas Cherry ~ Wilson Elser Moskowtiz Edelman & Dicker LLP |
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- § 8:1 : What Is Crisis Management and Why Should Corporate Counsel Care About It?8-2
- § 8:2 : Forms of Corporate Crises8-2
- § 8:3 : Threats Posed by Corporate Crises8-3
- § 8:4 : Stages of a Corporate Crisis8-3
- § 8:5 : Crisis Manager8-7
- § 8:5.1 : Choosing the Crisis Manager8-7
- § 8:5.2 : Grants of Authority to the Crisis Manager8-8
- § 8:6 : Crisis Management Team8-9
- § 8:6.1 : Team Members8-9
- § 8:6.2 : Team Communications8-9
- § 8:6.3 : Team Goals8-10
- § 8:6.4 : Team Activities8-10
- § 8:7 : Long-Term Management of the Crisis Claims8-14
- § 8:8 : Cross-Border Crisis Management8-14
- § 8:8.1 : Planning8-14
- § 8:8.2 : Crisis Response Team8-15
- § 8:8.3 : Realistic Knowledge of the Foreign Situation8-16
- § 8:8.4 : Communications8-16
- § 8:9 : Conclusion8-18
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Chapter 9: |
International Internal Investigations |
Joseph Koletar ~ |
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- § 9:1 : Introduction9-1
- § 9:2 : Initial Steps9-2
- § 9:3 : Who Will Carry Out the Investigation?9-2
- § 9:4 : Personnel Security Issues9-3
- § 9:5 : Investigative Services Firms9-4
- § 9:6 : Points of Contact9-5
- § 9:7 : Data Access and Data Security9-5
- § 9:8 : Other Issues9-6
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Chapter 10: |
International Litigation Management |
Charles D. Schmerler ~ Fulbright & Jaworski L.L.P. |
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- § 10:1 : Introduction10-2
- § 10:2 : Selecting Outside Counsel10-2
- § 10:3 : Locating Local Counsel10-3
- § 10:4 : Attorney-Client Privilege10-6
- § 10:4.1 : Trend in EU Cases10-8
- § 10:5 : Evaluating the Case10-8
- § 10:5.1 : Where to Sue10-9
- [A] : Personal Jurisdiction10-9
- [B] : Forum Selection Clauses10-11
- [C] : Forum Non Conveniens10-12
- [D] : Choosing the Most Favorable Law10-16
- [D][1] : New York Test10-17
- [D][2] : Restatement Test10-19
- [D][3] : Leflar Test10-20
- [D][4] : California Test10-20
- [D][5] : Proof of the Relevant Foreign Law10-20
- § 10:5.2 : Service of Process10-21
- § 10:5.3 : Complaint Against the Company10-23
- § 10:6 : International Mediation10-24
- § 10:7 : Taking Discovery Abroad10-26
- § 10:7.1 : Federal Rules of Civil Procedure10-27
- § 10:7.2 : Hague Evidence Convention10-28
- § 10:8 : Conclusion10-28
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Chapter 11: |
International Business Arbitration |
R. Doak Bishop ~ King & Spalding LLP Edward G. Kehoe ~ King & Spalding LLP |
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- § 11:1 : Introduction11-3
- § 11:1.1 : Reasons for Arbitrating International Commercial Disputes11-3
- [A] : Right to Select Venue and Decision Makers11-4
- [B] : Finality11-4
- [C] : Enforceability of Arbitral Awards11-4
- [D] : Party Autonomy11-5
- [E] : Costs11-5
- [F] : Time11-5
- § 11:2 : Drafting the International Arbitration Agreement11-5
- § 11:2.1 : Essential Elements11-6
- [A] : Express Intent by Parties to Resolve Disputes by Arbitration11-6
- [B] : Scope of Arbitration11-6
- [C] : Location of the Arbitration11-7
- [D] : Institutional or Ad Hoc11-7
- [E] : Language of the Arbitration Proceedings11-8
- [F] : Number of Arbitrators11-8
- [G] : Governing Law11-8
- § 11:2.2 : Sample Clauses11-9
- § 11:2.3 : Optional Elements11-10
- [A] : Interim Measures11-10
- [B] : Confidentiality11-11
- [C] : Discovery11-11
- [D] : Summary Disposition11-11
- [E] : Waiver of Sovereign Immunity11-12
- [F] : Exclusion of Punitive Damages11-12
- [G] : Apportionment of Costs and Attorneys’ Fees11-12
- [H] : Interest11-12
- § 11:3 : International Arbitration Institutions11-12
- § 11:3.1 : Major Institutions11-12
- [A] : American Arbitration Association/International Center for Dispute Resolution11-13
- [B] : International Chamber of Commerce’s International Court of Arbitration11-13
- [C] : London Court of International Arbitration11-13
- § 11:3.2 : Other Important Institutions11-14
- [A] : International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes11-14
- [B] : Regional Institutions11-14
- § 11:4 : Selecting the Arbitrators11-14
- § 11:4.1 : Independence and Impartiality11-15
- § 11:4.2 : Criteria for Selection11-15
- § 11:4.3 : Interviewing the Candidate11-16
- § 11:4.4 : Appointment11-16
- § 11:4.5 : Challenging an Arbitrator11-17
- § 11:5 : Choosing the Location11-17
- § 11:6 : Dealing with the Confidentiality Issue11-18
- § 11:7 : Prehearing Procedure11-19
- § 11:7.1 : Initiating an Arbitration11-20
- § 11:7.2 : Jurisdictional Objections11-20
- § 11:7.3 : Preliminary Conference11-20
- § 11:7.4 : Discovery11-21
- § 11:7.5 : Written Witness Statements Submitted Prior to Oral Hearing11-22
- § 11:7.6 : Memorials (Prehearing Briefs)11-22
- § 11:7.7 : Prehearing Dispositive Motions11-23
- § 11:8 : Evidence11-23
- § 11:8.1 : Documentary Evidence11-23
- § 11:8.2 : Testimony at the Hearing11-24
- § 11:8.3 : Admission of Evidence11-24
- [A] : Burden of Proof11-24
- [B] : Presumptions11-25
- § 11:9 : Expert Witnesses11-25
- § 11:9.1 : Appointment11-25
- [A] : By Arbitrator11-25
- [B] : By Party11-25
- § 11:9.2 : Qualifications11-26
- § 11:9.3 : Nationality and Language11-26
- § 11:10 : The Final Arbitral Award11-26
- § 11:10.1 : Generally11-26
- § 11:10.2 : Enforcement11-27
- § 11:10.3 : Defenses to Enforcement11-28
- § 11:11 : International Investment Arbitration11-28
- § 11:11.1 : Background and History11-29
- § 11:11.2 : Forums11-30
- [A] : ICSID11-30
- [B] : ICC11-31
- [C] : UNCITRAL11-31
- [D] : International Tribunals11-31
- [E] : National Courts11-32
- § 11:11.3 : Political Risk Insurance11-32
- § 11:11.4 : Sovereign Immunity and the Enforcement of State Awards11-32
- § 11:11.5 : Conclusion11-33
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Chapter 12: |
Global Corporate Governance Standards; And Appendix 12A: Sources on International Corporate Governance |
Thomas J Dougherty ~ Skadden Arps Slate Meagher & Flom LLP |
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- § 12:1 : Why U.S. Corporations Need to Know About Corporate Governance Practices Abroad12-1
- § 12:2 : United Kingdom—“Comply or Explain”12-3
- § 12:3 : European Union12-5
- § 12:4 : East Asia12-6
- § 12:5 : Mexico12-7
- § 12:6 : From Governance to Political Economy12-8
- Appendix 12A : Sources on International Corporate GovernanceApp. 12A-1
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Chapter 13: |
International Financial Reporting Standards |
Eberhard H. Rohm ~ Duane Morris LLP Kurt Ramin ~ International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation |
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- § 13:1 : Introduction13-3
- § 13:2 : Trends13-6
- § 13:2.1 : IFRS and Legal Objectives13-7
- § 13:2.2 : Convergence of IFRS and U.S. GAAP13-8
- § 13:2.3 : Reconciliation to U.S. GAAP13-10
- Fig. 13-1 : Differences Between IFRS and U.S. GAAP13-11
- § 13:2.4 : IOSCO, Regulators, and Enforcement13-12
- § 13:3 : The IASB and the IFRS Foundation13-14
- § 13:3.1 : History, Structure, Accountability, and Funding13-14
- [A] : History13-14
- [B] : Structure13-15
- Fig. 13-2 : Organization of the IFRS Foundation13-16
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- [C] : Governance and Accountability Arrangements13-16
- [D] : Funding13-17
- Fig. 13-3 : Funding of the IFRS Foundation13-17
- § 13:3.2 : Monitoring Board13-18
- § 13:3.3 : IFRS Foundation Trustees13-18
- § 13:3.4 : IASB Members13-20
- § 13:3.5 : Due Process of Standard Setting13-22
- Fig. 13-4 : Standard-Setting Process13-24
- § 13:3.6 : IFRS Interpretations Committee13-25
- § 13:3.7 : IFRS Advisory Council13-27
- § 13:4 : Framework, Standards, and Interpretations of IFRS13-28
- § 13:4.1 : Framework13-28
- [A] : Revision of Framework13-28
- [B] : Current Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements13-29
- [C] : Accessing IFRS13-31
- § 13:4.2 : Standards13-31
- [A] : International Financial Reporting Standards13-32
- [A][1] : IFRS 1: First-Time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards13-32
- [A][2] : IFRS 2: Share-Based Payment13-35
- [A][3] : IFRS 3: Business Combinations13-38
- [A][4] : IFRS 4: Insurance Contracts13-42
- [A][5] : IFRS 5: Noncurrent Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations13-46
- [A][6] : IFRS 6: Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources13-49
- [A][7] : IFRS 7: Financial Instruments Disclosures13-51
- [A][8] : IFRS 8: Operating Segments13-55
- [A][9] : IFRS 9: Financial Instruments13-57
- [A][10] : IFRS 10: Consolidated Financial Statements13-58
- [A][11] : IFRS 11: Joint Arrangements13-61
- [A][12] : IFRS 12: Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities13-62
- [A][13] : IFRS 13: Fair Value Measurement13-65
- [B] : International Accounting Standards13-68
- [B][1] : IAS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements13-68
- [B][2] : IAS 2: Inventories13-71
- [B][3] : IAS 7: Cash Flow Statements13-74
- [B][4] : IAS 8: Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates, and Errors13-76
- [B][5] : IAS 10: Events After the Balance Sheet Date13-78
- [B][6] : IAS 11: Construction Contracts13-79
- [B][7] : IAS 12: Income Taxes13-81
- [B][8] : IAS 16: Property, Plant, and Equipment13-84
- [B][9] : IAS 17: Leases13-86
- [B][10] : IAS 18: Revenue13-88
- [B][11] : IAS 19: Employee Benefits13-91
- [B][12] : IAS 20: Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Assistance13-95
- [B][13] : IAS 21: Effects of Change in Foreign Exchange Rates13-97
- [B][14] : IAS 23: Borrowing Costs13-100
- [B][15] : IAS 24: Related Party Disclosures13-101
- [B][16] : IAS 26: Accounting and Reporting by Retirement Benefit Plans13-103
- [B][17] : IAS 27: Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements13-105
- [B][18] : IAS 28: Investments in Associates13-107
- [B][19] : IAS 29: Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies13-108
- [B][20] : IAS 31: Interest in Joint Ventures13-111
- [B][21] : IAS 32: Financial Instruments Presentation13-113
- [B][22] : IAS 33: Earnings per Share13-118
- [B][23] : IAS 34: Interim Financial Reporting13-120
- [B][24] : IAS 36: Impairment of Assets13-123
- [B][25] : IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, and Contingent Assets13-127
- [B][26] : IAS 38: Intangible Assets13-130
- [B][27] : IAS 39: Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement13-134
- [B][28] : IAS 40: Investment Property13-139
- [B][29] : IAS 41: Agriculture13-141
- [C] : IFRS for Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises13-144
- § 13:4.3 : Interpretations of Standards13-147
- § 13:5 : IFRS Practice Statement Management Commentary13-149
- § 13:6 : New Presentation Formats13-151
- § 13:6.1 : Model Financial Statements13-151
- § 13:6.2 : New Financial Statement Presentation13-154
- Fig. 13-5 : Presentation Formats for Financial Statements13-155
- Fig. 13-6 : Presentation Formats for Financial Statements—with Totals and Subtotals13-156
- § 13:7 : Glossary for IFRS13-157
- § 13:8 : Abbreviations13-237
- § 13:9 : Suggested References13-240
- § 13:9.1 : Websites13-240
- § 13:9.2 : Publications13-241
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Chapter 14: |
Transfer Pricing |
Michael Durst ~ Steptoe & Johnson LLP Leo Cook ~ |
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- § 14:1 : Significance of Transfer Pricing Rules14-2
- § 14:2 : Background14-2
- Fig. 14-1 :14-3
- Fig. 14-2 :14-4
- Fig. 14-3 :14-5
- § 14:3 : Transfer Pricing Issues Involving High-Tax Countries Versus Issues Involving “Tax Havens”14-6
- § 14:3.1 : “Double Tax” Situations14-7
- § 14:3.2 : Cases Involving Low-Tax Countries14-9
- § 14:4 : Brief History of Transfer Pricing Rules in the United States and Abroad14-9
- § 14:4.1 : Before World War II14-10
- § 14:4.2 : Revenue Act of 1962 and the 1968 Regulations14-11
- § 14:4.3 : Perceived Problems Under the 1968 Regulations; Transfer Pricing Wars of the 1980s and Early 1990s14-13
- § 14:5 : Transfer Pricing Methods and Practices Today14-16
- § 14:5.1 : The U.S. Regulations and the OECD Guidelines14-16
- § 14:5.2 : Penalty Rules and “Contemporaneous Documentation”14-18
- § 14:5.3 : Advance Pricing Agreements14-19
- § 14:6 : Interaction of Transfer Pricing Rules with Other Tax and Customs Rules14-21
- § 14:6.1 : Subpart F and Related “Anti-Deferral” Rules14-21
- § 14:6.2 : Branch Rules14-21
- § 14:6.3 : Customs Rules14-22
- § 14:6.4 : State Tax Rules14-22
- § 14:7 : Topics of Special Current Interest14-23
- § 14:7.1 : “Principal” Structures14-23
- § 14:7.2 : Cost Sharing14-24
- § 14:7.3 : Role of Contracts Generally14-25
- § 14:8 : Conclusion: Role of the Corporate Counsel14-26
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Chapter 15: |
International Tax Aspects of Mergers and Acquistions; And Appendix 15A: International Tax Due Diligence Request List |
Catherine Coffey ~ Deloitte & Touche LLP |
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- § 15:1 : Introduction15-2
- § 15:2 : Asset Versus Share Acquisitions15-3
- § 15:2.1 : Benefits of an Asset Purchase15-3
- § 15:2.2 : Potential Obstacles to an Asset Purchase15-5
- § 15:2.3 : U.S. Step-Up Elections—Deemed Asset Acquisitions15-6
- Fig. 15-1 : Section 338 Election15-7
- § 15:3 : The Tax Due Diligence Process15-9
- § 15:3.1 : Access to Tax Personnel15-10
- § 15:3.2 : T’s Tax Function15-11
- § 15:3.3 : Structure15-11
- Fig. 15-2 : U.K. Hybrid15-13
- § 15:3.4 : Transactional History15-14
- § 15:3.5 : Trapped Cash15-16
- § 15:3.6 : Tax Reserves15-16
- § 15:3.7 : Audit History15-17
- § 15:3.8 : Tax Returns15-18
- § 15:3.9 : Tax Attributes—Net Operating Losses15-19
- § 15:3.10 : Tax Attributes: Foreign Tax Credits, E&P, and Credit Pools15-20
- § 15:3.11 : Tax Basis15-22
- § 15:3.12 : Transfer Pricing with Respect to Intercompany Transactions15-22
- § 15:3.13 : Phantom Income Inclusions—Intercompany Transactions15-24
- § 15:3.14 : Withholding Taxes15-25
- § 15:3.15 : Taxable Presence/Permanent Establishment15-25
- § 15:3.16 : Indirect and Other Taxes15-26
- § 15:4 : Structuring the Transaction15-26
- § 15:4.1 : Tax Haven Parented or Inverted Structure15-28
- Fig. 15-3 : Tax Haven Parent15-29
- Fig. 15-4 : Summary of Tax Implications of Case I Versus Case II15-32
- § 15:4.2 : U.S.-Parented Holdco Structure15-33
- Fig. 15-5 : Holdco Structure15-34
- § 15:4.3 : Finco Structure and Debt Pushdown15-37
- [A] : Debt Pushdown Process15-38
- [B] : Example15-40
- § 15:5 : Conclusion15-41
- Appendix 15A : International Tax Due Diligence Request ListApp. 15A-1
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Chapter 16: |
Project Finance; And Appendix 16A: Listing on Multilateral and Bilateral Lending Agencies |
Jane Wallison Stein ~ Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP Ayaz Shaikh ~ Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP Philip J Tendler ~ Pillsbury Winthrop LLP Todd Culwell ~ Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pitman LLP |
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- § 16:1 : Introduction16-4
- § 16:2 : Project Finance Structure and Key Participants16-6
- § 16:2.1 : Project Parties16-7
- Fig. 16-1 : Example of a Project Finance Contract Structure16-9
- [A] : Project Owner16-10
- [B] : Sponsors16-10
- [C] : Host Government16-11
- [D] : EPC Contractor16-11
- [E] : O&M Contractor or Operator16-11
- [F] : Fuel/Feedstock Supplier16-12
- [G] : Long-Term Service and Spare Parts Provider16-12
- [H] : Insurer16-12
- [I] : Output Purchaser16-12
- [J] : Financing Parties16-13
- [K] : Swap Providers16-13
- § 16:3 : Structuring an International Project16-14
- § 16:4 : Key Project Documentation16-16
- § 16:4.1 : Project Documents and Risk Allocation16-16
- Fig.16-2 : Key Project Contractual Relationships16-18
- § 16:4.2 : Commercial Risk16-19
- [A] : Construction Phase Risks16-19
- [B] : Operating Phase Risks16-19
- § 16:4.3 : Political Risks16-19
- [A] : Principal Political Risks16-19
- [B] : Legal Infrastructure16-20
- [C] : Physical Infrastructure16-21
- [D] : Managing Political Risks16-21
- § 16:4.4 : Major Project Documents16-22
- [A] : Implementation Agreement16-22
- [B] : Site Acquisition Agreement16-25
- [C] : Engineering, Procurement, and Construction Contracts16-26
- [C][1] : Mechanisms for Allocation of Risks16-27
- [C][2] : Lump-Sum Turnkey Contract; Selection of Contractor16-27
- [C][3] : Scope of Work16-28
- [C][4] : Performance Guarantees16-29
- [C][5] : Liquidated Damages/Bonuses16-30
- [C][6] : Change Orders16-31
- [C][7] : Payment Terms16-33
- [C][8] : Defaults and Remedies16-34
- [C][9] : Dispute Resolution16-35
- [C][10] : Split EPC Contracts16-35
- [C][11] : Conclusion16-35
- [D] : Offtake Agreement16-36
- [D][1] : Types of Offtake Agreements16-36
- [D][2] : Key Provisions16-38
- [D][3] : Term of Offtake Agreement16-39
- [D][4] : Construction; Environmental Issues16-39
- [D][5] : Testing and Commissioning16-40
- [D][6] : Conditions Precedent16-41
- [D][7] : Outages16-41
- [D][8] : Pricing16-41
- [D][9] : Operating Obligations16-44
- [D][10] : Metering and Measurement16-44
- [E] : Fuel/Feedstock Supply Agreement16-44
- [E][1] : Nature of Fuel Supply Obligations16-44
- [E][2] : Commissioning and Testing of the Project16-45
- [E][3] : Term of Fuel Supply Agreement16-45
- [E][4] : Fuel Supply and Transportation Pricing16-46
- [E][5] : Failure to Deliver16-47
- [E][6] : Feedstock Supply to LNG Receiving Terminals16-48
- [F] : Operation and Maintenance Agreement16-49
- § 16:4.5 : Project Financing Documentation16-50
- [A] : Commercial Bank Financing16-51
- [B] : Capital Markets Financing16-52
- [C] : Combination Commercial Bank and Capital Market Financing16-53
- [D] : Lease Financing16-54
- [E] : Local Financing16-55
- [F] : Multilateral and Bilateral Agencies; Export Credit Agencies16-55
- [G] : Subordinated Debt16-55
- [H] : Hedge Funds/Term B Loans16-56
- § 16:4.6 : Standard Terms in Financing Documents16-56
- [A] : Limited Recourse16-56
- [B] : Representations and Warranties16-57
- [C] : Covenants16-58
- § 16:4.7 : Security Documents16-60
- [A] : Personal Property16-61
- [B] : Real Property16-61
- [C] : Pledge of Deposit Accounts16-61
- [D] : Collateral Assignment of Project Documents16-63
- § 16:5 : Common Concepts in All Project Finance Documents16-63
- § 16:5.1 : Force Majeure16-64
- § 16:5.2 : Choice of Law16-65
- § 16:5.3 : Dispute Resolution16-67
- § 16:5.4 : Default and Remedies16-69
- § 16:6 : Environmental Issues16-70
- § 16:6.1 : IFC Sustainability Policy and Performance Standards16-71
- [A] : Social and Environmental Assessment and Management Program16-72
- [B] : Social and Environmental Assessment (S&EA)16-72
- [C] : Social and Environmental Management Plan (SEMP)16-74
- [D] : Communication and Disclosure16-74
- § 16:6.2 : World Bank Extractive Industries Review16-74
- § 16:6.3 : OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises16-75
- § 16:6.4 : Equator Principles16-76
- § 16:7 : Insurance16-77
- § 16:8 : Tax Planning and International Project Finance16-80
- § 16:8.1 : The Project Entity16-80
- § 16:8.2 : Contract Structuring Issues16-81
- § 16:8.3 : Effects of Ownership Structure16-82
- § 16:8.4 : Conclusion16-83
- § 16:9 : Unique Risks in International Projects16-83
- § 16:9.1 : Currency Risk16-84
- [A] : Currency Inconvertibility and Transfer Risk16-84
- [B] : Currency Devaluation Risk16-85
- § 16:9.2 : Political Risk16-86
- [A] : Political Violence16-87
- Table 16-1 :16-87
- [B] : Expropriation Risk16-87
- [C] : Change in Law Risk16-89
- [C][1] : Host Government Agreements and the Limits of Contractual Risk Allocation16-89
- [C][2] : Case Study: Venezuelan Heavy Oil Projects16-91
- § 16:9.3 : Political Risk Insurance16-92
- § 16:9.4 : Conclusion16-93
- Fig. 16-3 : Political Risk Insurance Claim Process and Timeline16-94
- § 16:10 : Export Credit Agencies; Bilateral and Multilateral Institutions16-95
- § 16:10.1 : Reasons to Include ECAs and MLAs16-95
- [A] : Differences Between MLAs and ECAs16-95
- § 16:10.2 : World Bank Group and OECD Guidelines for ECAs16-96
- [A] : World Bank Group16-96
- [B] : OECD Consensus Guidelines16-97
- Table 16-2 : OECD Terms and Conditions Applicable to Project Finance Transactions16-98
- § 16:10.3 : Case Study: West African and Caspian Cross-Border Pipeline Projects16-99
- [A] : Chad-Cameroon Pipeline16-99
- [B] : Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan (BTC) Pipeline16-100
- [C] : Delay16-101
- § 16:10.4 : Conclusion16-102
- Appendix 16A : Listing of Multilateral and Bilateral Lending AgenciesApp. 16A-1
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Chapter 17: |
International Aspects of Mergers and Acquisitions |
Aydin Caginalp ~ Manatt Phelps & Phillips LLP |
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- § 17:1 : Introduction17-2
- § 17:2 : Establishing the Right Team17-2
- § 17:3 : Communication and Exchange of Information17-3
- § 17:4 : Critical Issues17-3
- § 17:4.1 : Fundamental Business Objectives17-3
- § 17:4.2 : Critical Regulatory Compliance Issues17-4
- Fig. 17-1 :17-6
- § 17:5 : Due Diligence17-7
- § 17:5.1 : Initial Preparation17-7
- § 17:5.2 : Due Diligence Report17-7
- § 17:5.3 : Insulation of Competitive Information17-8
- § 17:5.4 : Preparing for the Failed Transaction17-9
- § 17:6 : Acquisition Structure17-9
- § 17:7 : Acquisition Agreement17-10
- § 17:7.1 : Who Is the Seller17-10
- § 17:7.2 : Who Is the Buyer17-11
- § 17:7.3 : Preacquisition Operation17-11
- § 17:7.4 : Compliance with Antitrust Directives17-11
- § 17:7.5 : Representations and Warranties17-12
- § 17:7.6 : Applicable Law and Dispute Resolution17-13
- § 17:7.7 : Indemnification17-13
- § 17:7.8 : Timing of the Closing17-14
- § 17:8 : Organization of the Closing Process17-14
- § 17:9 : Post-Closing17-15
- § 17:10 : Integration17-16
- § 17:11 : Conclusion17-17
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Chapter 18: |
International Antibribery Laws |
Donald Zarin ~ Holland & Knight, LLP |
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- § 18:1 : Introduction18-1
- § 18:2 : Summary of the OECD Convention18-3
- § 18:2.1 : Prohibited Conduct18-3
- § 18:2.2 : Applicability to “Any Person”18-3
- § 18:2.3 : Offer, Promise, or Payment, Directly or Indirectly18-3
- § 18:2.4 : Foreign Public Official18-3
- § 18:2.5 : Jurisdiction18-4
- § 18:2.6 : Scope of Business Activity18-4
- § 18:2.7 : Sanctions18-4
- § 18:2.8 : Exception for Facilitating Payments18-5
- § 18:2.9 : Accounting Requirements18-5
- § 18:2.10 : Mutual Legal Assistance and Extradition18-5
- § 18:2.11 : Monitoring and Follow-Up18-5
- § 18:3 : Other Multilateral Efforts Against Corruption18-6
- § 18:4 : Impact of the OECD Convention and Other Multilateral Agreements18-7
- § 18:4.1 : United States18-8
- § 18:4.2 : Other OECD Member Countries18-10
- § 18:5 : Conclusion18-13
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Chapter 19: |
Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing |
Deborah Srour ~ Cox Padmore Skolnik & Shakarchy LLP |
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- § 19:1 : Introduction19-2
- § 19:2 : Definition of Money Laundering19-3
- § 19:3 : The Laundering Process19-6
- § 19:3.1 : Introduction19-6
- § 19:3.2 : Placement19-6
- § 19:3.3 : Layering19-7
- § 19:3.4 : Integration19-7
- § 19:4 : Industries Affected19-7
- § 19:4.1 : Financial Institutions19-8
- [A] : Banks19-8
- [B] : Insurance Companies19-9
- [C] : Securities Industry19-10
- [D] : Informal Money Remittance Systems19-12
- § 19:4.2 : Other Means to Launder Money19-14
- § 19:5 : Evolution of Money Laundering and Terror Financing Legislation19-15
- § 19:6 : USA PATRIOT Act19-21
- § 19:7 : Gatekeeper Initiatives19-28
- § 19:8 : Compliance Programs to Combat Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing19-30
- § 19:8.1 : Setting Up a Program19-31
- § 19:8.2 : Check the OFAC List and Other Lists19-32
- § 19:8.3 : Maintaining Records19-34
- § 19:9 : Dealing with an Investigation19-34
- § 19:9.1 : Records19-34
- § 19:9.2 : Retaining Outside Counsel19-35
- § 19:9.3 : Onset of the Investigation19-35
- § 19:9.4 : What the Authorities Want19-36
- § 19:9.5 : Sentencing Guidelines Considerations19-37
- § 19:10 : Conclusion19-37
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Chapter 20: |
International Securities Offerings Under U.S. Securities Law; And Appendices 20A-20E |
Curtis L. Mo ~ DLA Piper LLP (US) |
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- § 20:1 : Introduction20-2
- § 20:2 : Overview of Federal Securities Laws20-3
- § 20:3 : Securities Act of 193320-5
- § 20:3.1 : Disclosure and Registration20-5
- [A] : Registration20-6
- [A][1] : Pre-Filing Period20-7
- [A][2] : Post-Filing/Pre-Effectiveness Period20-8
- [A][3] : Post-Effectiveness Period20-9
- [B] : Exemptions from Registration20-10
- § 20:3.2 : Antifraud Provisions20-12
- [A] : Section 11 Liability20-13
- [B] : Section 12 Liability20-13
- [C] : Section 17 Liability20-13
- § 20:4 : Securities Exchange Act of 193420-13
- § 20:4.1 : Registration20-13
- § 20:4.2 : Public Company Reporting20-14
- § 20:4.3 : Antifraud Provision20-16
- § 20:5 : U.S. Regulation of Foreign Offerings— AIM Market20-16
- § 20:5.1 : Background20-17
- § 20:5.2 : Regulation S Issuer Safe Harbor20-18
- § 20:5.3 : Regulation S Resale Safe Harbor20-19
- § 20:5.4 : Rule 14420-20
- § 20:5.5 : AIM20-20
- § 20:5.6 : Application of U.S. Securities Laws20-21
- § 20:5.7 : Registration Under the Exchange Act20-24
- Appendix 20A : Article on Capital Markets AlternativesApp. 20A-1
- Appendix 20B : Securities Act Form Types for Foreign Private IssuersApp. 20B-1
- Appendix 20C : Exempted Transactions Under the Securities Act of 1933App. 20C-1
- Appendix 20D : Regulation D Exemptions: Rules 504, 505, and 506App. 20D-1
- Appendix 20E : Resale of Securities: Rule 144App. 20E-1
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Chapter 21: |
International Labor and Employment Law |
Philip M. Berkowitz ~ Littler Mendelson PC Trent Sutton ~ Littler Mendelson |
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- § 21:1 : Overview21-3
- § 21:2 : Extraterritoriality of U.S. Employment Laws21-6
- § 21:2.1 : Application of Nondiscrimination Laws21-6
- § 21:2.2 : Foreign Law Defense21-10
- § 21:2.3 : Sarbanes-Oxley and Dodd-Frank Acts21-12
- § 21:2.4 : State Law Claims21-14
- § 21:3 : Liability of Foreign Companies for U.S. Employment Practices21-17
- § 21:3.1 : The Legal Standard21-17
- § 21:3.2 : Observations on Parent Liability21-22
- § 21:3.3 : Recommendations21-23
- § 21:3.4 : A Defense for Foreign Companies: The FCN Treaty21-23
- [A] : Relationship Between the FCN Treaty and Title VII21-24
- [B] : Parties Entitled to FCN Treaty Protection21-26
- [C] : Elements of the FCN Treaty Defense21-28
- [D] : Reconciling Competing Objectives of Foreign Parent and U.S. Subsidiary21-29
- § 21:4 : Data Protection21-30
- § 21:4.1 : Overview21-30
- § 21:4.2 : Safe Harbor21-32
- § 21:4.3 : National Implementation21-33
- § 21:4.4 : Litigation and Penalty Assessment21-33
- § 21:4.5 : Essential Provisions of the Directive21-34
- § 21:4.6 : U.S. Safe Harbor Framework21-35
- § 21:4.7 : Personal Data Transfers to “Inadequate” Countries or U.S. Organizations Not Subscribing to Safe Harbor Framework21-37
- § 21:4.8 : Privacy Initiatives in the United States21-38
- [A] : Federal Laws21-38
- [B] : State Laws21-39
- § 21:4.9 : Data Protection Concerns Under Sarbanes-Oxley Requirements21-41
- [A] : Limited Scope of Hotlines21-41
- [B] : Processing of Information Collected Through Hotlines Must Be Restricted21-42
- [C] : Collected Information Must Be Handled Within a Confidentiality Framework by Specialists Within the Company21-42
- [D] : Due Process for the Accused21-42
- § 21:4.10 : Recommendations for Employers21-43
- [A] : Review Internal Procedures21-43
- [B] : Catalog Information and Uses21-43
- § 21:5 : International Employment Standards21-44
- § 21:5.1 : Employment Standards21-44
- § 21:5.2 : International Labor Standards21-44
- § 21:5.3 : OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises21-46
- § 21:5.4 : The United Nations Global Compact21-47
- § 21:5.5 : United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights21-48
- § 21:5.6 : International Framework Agreement or Global Framework Agreement21-49
- § 21:5.7 : U.S. Model Business Principles and Fair Labor Association Guidelines21-49
- § 21:5.8 : Alien Tort Claims Act: Liability for Human Rights Abuses21-51
- § 21:5.9 : Discovery of Overseas Employment Practices21-54
- [A] : Cross-Border Discovery21-54
- [B] : Attorney-Client Privilege Across Borders21-57
- § 21:5.10 : Enforcing Restrictive Covenants Across National Borders21-60
- § 21:5.11 : Factors Militating Against Imposing International Labor Practices21-63
- [A] : Potential Overseas Local Liability Where None May Exist21-63
- [B] : Increased Likelihood of Liability Under U.S. Law21-63
- § 21:6 : Recommendations21-64
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Chapter 22: |
Immigration Considerations for International Assignments; And Appendix 22A: Basic Requirements for Business Visits and Short-Term Temporary Work Authorization in Selected Jurisdictions |
Justin Rymer ~ Fragomen Del Rey Bernsen & Loewy LLP Ellen G Yost ~ Fragomen Del Rey Bernsen & Loewy |
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- § 22:1 : Introduction22-2
- § 22:2 : Global Migration Trends22-3
- § 22:2.1 : Changing Nature of International Assignments and New Challenges for Employers22-3
- § 22:2.2 : Effects of the Global Economic Downturn22-4
- § 22:2.3 : Intergovernmental Discussions on Labor Migration22-6
- § 22:3 : Increasing Governmental Emphasis on Compliance22-7
- § 22:4 : Critical Factors When Planning an International Assignment22-9
- § 22:4.1 : Determining the Type of Assignment and Any Visa Requirements22-9
- § 22:4.2 : Anticipating Processing Times22-11
- § 22:4.3 : Documentary Requirements22-11
- § 22:4.4 : Compensation Requirements22-11
- § 22:4.5 : Family Members22-12
- § 22:4.6 : In-Country Obligations22-13
- § 22:4.7 : Entry Procedures and Regional Arrangements22-14
- § 22:5 : Conclusion and Best Practices22-16
- Appendix 22A : Basic Requirements for Business Visits and Short-Term Temporary Work Assignments in Selected JurisdictionsApp. 22A-1
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Chapter 23: |
International Intellectual Property; And Appendix 23A: PCT Member States (As of June 11, 2009) |
Jacqueline Klosek ~ Goodwin Procter LLP Robert Blasi ~ Goodwin Procter LLP Lindsey A. Repose ~ Goodwin Procter LLP Kevin Lam ~ Goodwin Procter LLP Michelle Gonnam ~ Goodwin Procter LLP |
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- § 23:1 : Introduction23-2
- § 23:2 : Protecting IP in the International Marketplace23-3
- § 23:2.1 : Patents23-3
- [A] : Overview23-3
- [B] : Patent Cooperation Treaty23-4
- [C] : Paris Convention23-4
- [D] : Direct National Filings23-4
- [E] : Advantages of the PCT23-5
- [F] : PCT Procedures23-5
- [G] : Avoiding Statutory Bars in Foreign Countries23-7
- [H] : Disclosure of the Invention23-8
- [I] : Filing a U.S. Application Without Public Disclosure23-9
- [J] : Filing Continuation Applications23-9
- § 23:2.2 : Copyrights23-10
- [A] : Overview23-10
- [B] : International Treaties and Conventions23-10
- [C] : Protecting an Author’s Works Abroad23-13
- [C][1] : Compliance with Formalities23-14
- [C][2] : Researching Foreign Law23-15
- § 23:3 : Commercializing IP in the International Marketplace23-16
- § 23:3.1 : International Licensing of Technology23-16
- § 23:3.2 : Patent Licenses23-20
- [A] : Patent Misuse23-21
- [B] : Patent Exhaustion23-22
- [C] : Unpatentable Subject Matter23-22
- [D] : Implied Patent Licenses23-22
- [E] : Working Requirements23-23
- § 23:3.3 : Trademark Licenses23-23
- § 23:3.4 : Copyright (i.e., Software) Licenses23-24
- § 23:3.5 : Other Intellectual Property Licenses23-26
- § 23:4 : E-Commerce in the International Community23-27
- § 23:4.1 : Terms of Use23-28
- [A] : Overview23-28
- [B] : International Jurisdiction23-28
- [C] : Arbitration Provisions23-30
- § 23:4.2 : Electronic Signatures23-32
- [A] : Overview23-32
- [B] : International Enforceability of Electronic Signatures23-32
- Appendix 23A : PCT Member States (As of June 11, 2009)App. 23A-1
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Chapter 24: |
International Data Protection and Privacy Law |
Jeremy M. Mittman ~ Proskauer Rose LLP Donald C. Dowling ~ White & Case LLP |
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- § 24:1 : International Corporate Practice and Data Privacy Law24-3
- § 24:2 : Data Privacy Regulation Outside the United States: A Clash of Jurisprudential Perspectives24-4
- § 24:3 : The European Union Data Privacy Directive24-6
- § 24:3.1 : What the EU Data Directive Does24-7
- § 24:3.2 : Social and Legal Context Underlying the EU Data Directive24-8
- § 24:3.3 : Terminology24-10
- § 24:3.4 : Data Processing Rules Domestically Within Europe24-11
- [A] : Complying with Data Quality Principles and Rules24-11
- § 24:3.5 : Disclosing to Data Subjects24-14
- § 24:3.6 : Reporting to State Agencies24-15
- § 24:3.7 : EU Draft Legislation Package24-17
- § 24:4 : Transfers of Data to Countries Outside Europe24-20
- § 24:4.1 : Data Transfers Allowed to “Third Countries”—and Companies Abroad24-21
- § 24:4.2 : Safe Harbor24-24
- § 24:4.3 : The Seven Safe Harbor Principles24-27
- [A] : Notice24-28
- [B] : Choice24-29
- [C] : Onward Transfer24-29
- [D] : Security24-30
- [E] : Data Integrity24-30
- [F] : Access24-30
- [G] : Enforcement24-31
- § 24:4.4 : Self-Certification Process24-32
- § 24:4.5 : Criticisms of Safe Harbor24-34
- § 24:4.6 : Binding/Standard Contractual Clauses24-37
- § 24:4.7 : Obligations of the Data Exporter and Data Importer24-39
- § 24:4.8 : Liability24-40
- § 24:4.9 : Binding Corporate Rules24-41
- § 24:5 : “Transposition” (Adoption) of the Directive in European Union Member States24-45
- § 24:5.1 : Denmark24-46
- § 24:5.2 : England24-47
- § 24:5.3 : France24-47
- § 24:5.4 : Germany24-48
- § 24:5.5 : Italy24-50
- § 24:5.6 : Netherlands24-50
- § 24:5.7 : Spain24-51
- § 24:6 : Data Privacy Laws Beyond the European Union24-52
- § 24:6.1 : Argentina24-53
- § 24:6.2 : Australia24-54
- § 24:6.3 : Brazil24-56
- § 24:6.4 : Canada24-58
- § 24:6.5 : China24-61
- § 24:6.6 : Colombia24-63
- § 24:6.7 : Costa Rica24-64
- § 24:6.8 : Dubai24-65
- § 24:6.9 : Hong Kong24-66
- § 24:6.10 : India24-68
- § 24:6.11 : Israel24-69
- § 24:6.12 : Japan24-70
- § 24:6.13 : Malaysia24-71
- § 24:6.14 : Mexico24-71
- § 24:6.15 : Russia24-73
- § 24:6.16 : Singapore24-76
- § 24:6.17 : South Korea24-78
- § 24:6.18 : Switzerland24-79
- § 24:6.19 : Taiwan24-80
- § 24:6.20 : Thailand24-81
- § 24:6.21 : Ukraine24-82
- § 24:6.22 : Uruguay24-82
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Chapter 25: |
Overview of U.S. Export Control Laws; And Appendices 25A-25B |
Thomas B McVey ~ Williams Mullen |
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- § 25:1 : Introduction25-2
- § 25:2 : Scope of Sanctions25-3
- § 25:3 : Export Administration Regulations25-5
- § 25:3.1 : Introduction25-5
- § 25:3.2 : Commerce Control List25-5
- § 25:3.3 : Dual-Use Items25-5
- § 25:3.4 : End-Use-Based Controls25-6
- § 25:3.5 : Reexports25-6
- § 25:3.6 : Software and Technology25-7
- § 25:3.7 : Regulatory Requirements for All Exports25-7
- § 25:3.8 : Penalties25-7
- § 25:3.9 : Enforcement Priorities25-8
- § 25:4 : U.S. Sanctions Programs25-8
- § 25:4.1 : Introduction25-8
- § 25:4.2 : Countries Covered25-8
- § 25:4.3 : Comprehensive Sanctions25-9
- § 25:4.4 : Limited Sanctions25-9
- § 25:4.5 : Extraterritorial Application25-9
- § 25:4.6 : Entity-Based Sanctions25-10
- § 25:4.7 : Penalties25-10
- § 25:5 : Arms Export Control Act (International Traffic in Arms Regulations)25-10
- § 25:5.1 : Introduction25-10
- § 25:5.2 : Regulation of Defense Articles25-11
- § 25:5.3 : U.S. Munitions List25-11
- § 25:5.4 : Technical Data, Including Software25-11
- § 25:5.5 : Defense Services25-12
- § 25:5.6 : Overlap with Export Administration Regulations25-12
- § 25:5.7 : Registration As a Munitions Manufacturer25-12
- § 25:5.8 : Registration As a Munitions Broker25-12
- § 25:5.9 : License Certifications25-12
- § 25:5.10 : Sanctions25-13
- § 25:6 : Other Export Statutes25-13
- § 25:7 : U.S. Antiboycott Laws25-13
- § 25:7.1 : Overview25-13
- § 25:7.2 : Prohibited Activities25-13
- § 25:7.3 : Exceptions to Prohibitions25-14
- [A] : Import Requirements of a Boycotting Country25-14
- [B] : Shipment of Goods to a Foreign Country25-15
- [C] : Import and Shipping Document Requirements25-15
- [D] : Compliance with Unilateral Selection25-15
- [E] : Shipment and Transshipment of Exports Pursuant to a Boycotting Country’s Requirements25-16
- [F] : Immigration, Passport, Visa, or Employment Requirements of Boycotting Country25-16
- [G] : Compliance with Local Law25-16
- [H] : Activities Exclusively Within a Foreign Country25-16
- [I] : Compliance with Local Import Law25-16
- § 25:7.4 : Reporting Requirements25-17
- § 25:7.5 : Evasion25-17
- § 25:7.6 : Antiboycott Tax Laws25-17
- § 25:7.7 : Sanctions25-18
- § 25:8 : Export Compliance Programs25-18
- § 25:8.1 : Benefits25-18
- § 25:8.2 : Substantive Laws Covered25-18
- § 25:8.3 : Other Relevant Legal Standards25-19
- § 25:8.4 : Parties Covered25-20
- § 25:8.5 : Elements of the Program25-20
- [A] : Adoption at Senior Company Level25-20
- [B] : Compliance Official25-20
- [C] : Written Materials25-20
- [D] : Education25-21
- [E] : Update Function25-21
- [F] : Periodic Audit25-21
- [G] : Mechanism for Dealing with Suspected Violations25-21
- [H] : Enforcement25-21
- [I] : Record Keeping25-21
- § 25:9 : Steps to Take If an Export Violation Is Discovered25-22
- Appendix 25A : U.S. Export Control LawsApp. 25A-1
- Appendix 25B : Steps in Implementing an Export Compliance ProgramApp. 25B-1
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Chapter 26: |
Competition and Antitrust Law; And Appendices 26A-26D |
Saul P. Morgenstern ~ Kaye Scholer LLP Nigel Parr ~ Ashurst Joanna Christoforou ~ Ashurst Margaret A Prystowsky ~ Kaye Scholer LLP |
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- § 26:1 : Introduction26-5
- § 26:2 : U.S. Federal Antitrust Law26-6
- § 26:2.1 : Introduction26-6
- § 26:2.2 : Statutory Framework26-7
- § 26:2.3 : Discerning Competitive and Harmful Practices26-10
- [A] : “Ancillary” and “Naked”26-10
- [B] : “Per Se” Versus “Rule of Reason”26-11
- [B][1] : “Horizontal” Versus “Vertical”26-12
- [B][2] : Per Se Practices26-13
- [B][3] : “Pro-Competitive” and “Anticompetitive”26-13
- [B][4] : Market Analysis Under the Rule of Reason26-15
- [B][4][a] : Market Definition26-15
- [B][4][b] : Market Players26-17
- [B][4][c] : Market Shares26-18
- [B][4][d] : Barriers to Entry26-18
- [B][4][e] : Competitive Effect26-19
- § 26:2.4 : Concerted Action Under Section 1 of the Sherman Act26-20
- [A] : The Single-Entity Doctrine26-20
- [B] : Awareness of Consequences of Actions26-23
- [C] : Conscious Parallelism26-24
- [D] : Facilitating Practices26-25
- [E] : Coercion26-26
- [F] : Dealer Termination Based on Complaints26-26
- § 26:2.5 : Restraint of Trade26-27
- [A] : Price and Output Restraints26-27
- [A][1] : Horizontal Price and Output Restraints26-27
- [A][2] : Vertical Price and Output Restraints26-29
- [A][3] : Market Allocation26-31
- [A][3][a] : Horizontal Market Allocation26-31
- [A][3][b] : Vertical Market Allocation26-32
- [B] : Tying Arrangements26-32
- [C] : Group Boycotts26-34
- [D] : Distribution Agreements26-35
- [E] : Most-Favored-Nation Clauses26-37
- [F] : Covenants Not to Compete26-38
- [G] : Collaborations Among Competitors26-38
- [H] : Exchanging Information26-40
- § 26:2.6 : Section 2 Liability26-42
- [A] : Refusal to Deal26-44
- [B] : Tying Arrangements26-46
- [C] : Other Exclusionary Practices26-46
- § 26:2.7 : The Robinson-Patman Price Discrimination Act26-50
- [A] : Liability Under Section 2(a) of the Act26-51
- [A][1] : Primary-Line and Secondary-Line Injury26-52
- [A][2] : Affirmative Defenses26-53
- [A][2][a] : Functional Availability26-53
- [A][2][b] : Meeting Competition26-53
- [A][2][c] : Cost Justification26-54
- [A][2][d] : Changing Conditions26-54
- [B] : Liability Under Sections 2(d) and 2(e) of the Act26-55
- § 26:2.8 : Mergers26-55
- § 26:2.9 : Antitrust and Intellectual Property26-62
- [A] : Patent Monopoly26-62
- [B] : Conduct Exceeding the Patent Monopoly26-63
- [C] : Patent Litigation Settlement Agreements26-64
- [D] : Licensing Agreements26-69
- § 26:2.10 : Right to Sue and Enforce26-71
- [A] : Government Enforcement of U.S. Antitrust Laws26-71
- [B] : Private Enforcement of U.S. Antitrust Laws26-72
- [B][1] : Antitrust Injury and Standing26-73
- [B][2] : Proving Antitrust Damages26-74
- [C] : Pleading Antitrust Claims26-74
- [D] : Class Actions26-76
- § 26:2.11 : Exemptions from the Sherman Act26-79
- [A] : State Action Doctrine26-79
- [B] : Petitioning the Government: Noerr-Pennington Doctrine26-80
- [C] : Implied Immunity Doctrine26-80
- [D] : Other Immunities26-81
- § 26:3 : EU Competition Law26-82
- § 26:3.1 : Overview26-82
- § 26:3.2 : Statutory Framework—Introduction to Articles 101 and 10226-87
- [A] : Market Definition26-89
- [A][1] : Definition of Relevant Product Market and Relevant Geographic Market26-89
- [A][2] : Demand Substitution26-90
- [A][3] : Supply Substitution26-92
- [A][4] : Potential Competition26-92
- [A][5] : Evidence Gathering26-92
- § 26:3.3 : Article 10126-93
- [A] : Article 101(1)26-93
- [A][1] : Undertakings26-94
- [A][2] : Agreements, Decisions by Associations of Undertakings, and Concerted Practices26-95
- [A][3] : Unilateral Conduct and Article 10126-97
- [A][4] : Horizontal and Vertical Agreements26-98
- [A][5] : Single Economic Entity Doctrine26-99
- [A][6] : Object/Effect Distinction26-102
- [A][6][a] : Object26-102
- [A][6][b] : Effect26-103
- [A][7] : Effect on Trade26-105
- [A][8] : Appreciability and the De Minimis Doctrine26-108
- [B] : Article 101(2)26-110
- [C] : Article 101(3)26-110
- [C][1] : Exemption Criteria26-110
- [C][2] : The Effect of Modernization and the Introduction of Self-Assessment26-112
- [C][3] : Block Exemptions—General26-112
- [C][4] : Vertical Agreements Block Exemption26-114
- [C][5] : Technology Transfer Block Exemption26-119
- [D] : Article 101 and Non-Full-Function Joint Ventures26-121
- § 26:3.4 : Fines, Leniency, and Settlement26-122
- § 26:3.5 : Article 10226-128
- [A] : Introduction and Overview26-128
- [B] : Dominance26-130
- [B][1] : Market Share26-131
- [B][2] : Other Factors26-132
- [C] : Substantial Part of the Common Market and Effect Trade26-134
- [C][1] : Substantial Part of the Common Market26-134
- [C][2] : Effect on Trade26-135
- [D] : Abuse26-136
- [D][1] : General Principles26-136
- [D][2] : Commission’s Guidance on Exclusionary Conduct26-139
- [D][3] : Predatory Pricing26-142
- [D][4] : Excessive Pricing26-148
- [D][5] : Discriminatory Pricing26-151
- [D][6] : Margin Squeeze26-157
- [D][7] : Exclusivity and Related Exclusionary Conduct26-160
- [D][8] : Tying, Bundling, and Portfolio Effects26-165
- [D][9] : Refusal to Supply and the “Essential Facilities Doctrine”26-169
- [D][9][a] : Refusal to Supply Goods or Services26-169
- [D][9][b] : Essential Facilities Doctrine26-170
- § 26:3.6 : Competition/Intellectual Property (IP) Interface26-172
- [A] : Parallel Importation and Articles 101 and 10226-172
- [B] : Refusal to License Intellectual Property Rights26-176
- [C] : From Magill to Microsoft26-176
- [C][1] : RTE v. Commission (Magill)26-176
- [C][2] : IMS Health26-177
- [C][3] : Microsoft26-179
- [D] : “Exceptional Circumstances” Versus “Totality of the Circumstances”26-184
- [E] : EU/U.S. Contrast26-185
- [F] : Common Themes in Refusal to Supply/Refusal to License IPRs Case Law26-187
- § 26:3.7 : Merger Control—General26-188
- [A] : Concentrations26-190
- [B] : Community Dimension26-192
- [C] : Substantive Test26-194
- [C][1] : SIEC Test26-194
- [C][2] : Commission’s Substantive Analysis26-195
- [D] : Full-Function Joint Ventures26-199
- [E] : Procedure26-201
- [E][1] : Notification26-201
- [E][2] : Referral of Cases to and from the Commission26-202
- [E][3] : Suspension26-202
- [E][4] : Timetable and Outcome26-203
- § 26:3.8 : Right to Sue and Enforce—Private Actions for Damages26-205
- § 26:3.9 : Commission’s Investigative Powers26-210
- [A] : Dawn Raids26-211
- [A][1] : Scope and Relevance26-214
- [A][2] : Legal Privilege26-214
- [A][3] : Rule Against Self-Incrimination26-215
- [A][4] : Sensitive and Confidential Information26-215
- § 26:3.10 : State Aid26-215
- [A] : Situations in Which State Aid Is Unlikely to Arise26-218
- [B] : Block Exemptions26-220
- [C] : Economic Assessment26-220
- [D] : State Aid for Rescuing and Restructuring Firms in Difficulty26-221
- [E] : Procedure and Consequences of Unlawful State Aid26-226
- § 26:3.11 : Extraterritorial Effect of EU Competition Law26-227
- Appendix 26A : List of Major Commission Decisions on Article 101 Cases Between 1 January 2000 and 10 May 2012App. 26A-1
- Appendix 26B : List of Major Commission Decisions on Article 102 Cases Between 1 January 2000 and 10 May 2012App. 26B-1
- Appendix 26C : Group TurnoverApp. 26C-1
- Appendix 26D : Joint Venture TurnoverApp. 26D-1
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Chapter 27: |
International Environmental Law |
Eric B Rothenberg ~ Morgan Lewis & Bockius LLP Bob Nicksin ~ O'Melveny & Myers LLP |
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- § 27:1 : Introduction27-2
- § 27:2 : Global Treaties27-3
- § 27:2.1 : Greenhouse Gases (Kyoto Protocol)27-3
- § 27:2.2 : Persistent Organic Pollutants (Stockholm Convention)27-5
- § 27:2.3 : Biosafety (Cartagena Protocol)27-7
- § 27:2.4 : Ozone-Depleting Substances (Montreal Protocol)27-7
- § 27:2.5 : Law of the Sea27-8
- § 27:3 : EU Law27-10
- § 27:3.1 : Carbon Dioxide Emissions Trading27-10
- § 27:3.2 : Integrated Facility Permits27-11
- § 27:3.3 : Major Accident Prevention and Response (Seveso II)27-14
- § 27:3.4 : Chemical Safety (REACH)27-16
- [A] : Registration27-17
- [B] : Evaluation27-17
- [C] : Authorization27-18
- § 27:3.5 : Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE/RoHS)27-18
- § 27:3.6 : Public Access to Information27-20
- § 27:3.7 : Asbestos-Containing Materials27-22
- § 27:3.8 : Environmental Liability Directive27-23
- § 27:4 : Hazardous Site Cleanup27-24
- § 27:4.1 : England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland27-25
- [A] : Overview27-25
- [B] : Cost Recovery and Voluntary Cleanup Agreements27-27
- [C] : Liability of Appropriate Persons27-28
- [D] : Liability Exemptions and Exclusions27-28
- [E] : Implementation27-29
- § 27:4.2 : Australia27-29
- § 27:4.3 : Austria27-30
- § 27:4.4 : Belgium27-31
- [A] : Soil and Groundwater Legislation27-31
- [B] : Flemish Region27-31
- [C] : Walloon Region27-32
- [D] : Brussels-Capital Region27-33
- § 27:4.5 : Brazil27-34
- § 27:4.6 : Canada27-35
- § 27:4.7 : China27-37
- § 27:4.8 : Czech Republic27-40
- § 27:4.9 : Denmark27-40
- § 27:4.10 : Finland27-41
- § 27:4.11 : France27-41
- § 27:4.12 : Germany27-42
- § 27:4.13 : Hong Kong27-44
- § 27:4.14 : Hungary27-44
- § 27:4.15 : Indonesia27-45
- § 27:4.16 : Ireland27-45
- § 27:4.17 : Italy27-46
- § 27:4.18 : Japan27-47
- § 27:4.19 : Malaysia27-48
- § 27:4.20 : Mexico27-48
- § 27:4.21 : Netherlands27-49
- § 27:4.22 : New Zealand27-50
- § 27:4.23 : Norway27-50
- § 27:4.24 : Portugal27-51
- § 27:4.25 : Slovakia27-51
- § 27:4.26 : Slovenia27-52
- § 27:4.27 : Spain27-53
- § 27:4.28 : Sweden27-53
- § 27:4.29 : Switzerland27-54
- § 27:5 : Sample Due Diligence Request27-55
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Chapter 28: |
Purchasing Insurance in the International Market; And Appendix 28A: Arbitration Endorsement |
Stephen A Dvorkin ~ Dickstein Shapiro LLP Jeremy M King ~ Dickstein Shapiro LLP |
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- § 28:1 : Introduction28-2
- § 28:2 : Placing the Coverage28-3
- § 28:2.1 : Provisions That Should Be Included in Policies Purchased from Foreign Insurers28-3
- § 28:2.2 : Alternative Risk Management Techniques Also Bring Policyholders into Contact with the Foreign Insurance Market28-7
- § 28:2.3 : Policyholders Should Pay Attention to Dispute Resolution Provisions in Policies Sold by Foreign Insurers28-12
- [A] : Choice of Law28-12
- [B] : Choice of Forum28-15
- [C] : Service of Suit28-20
- § 28:3 : Whether or Not the Policyholder Should Agree to Arbitrate28-22
- § 28:3.1 : Applicable Laws28-22
- § 28:3.2 : Other Factors to Consider28-24
- [A] : Speed28-24
- [B] : Economy28-25
- [C] : Limited Discovery28-25
- [D] : Confidentiality28-26
- [E] : Parties Are Limited28-26
- [F] : Issues May Be Limited28-26
- [G] : No Rush to the Courthouse28-27
- [H] : Focus on Business Custom and Practice Rather Than on the Law28-27
- [I] : No Jury Trial28-28
- [J] : Enforceability28-28
- [K] : No Appellate Review28-28
- [L] : Award of Attorneys’ Fees28-28
- [M] : Arbitration Is Mandatory28-28
- Appendix 28A : Arbitration EndorsementApp. 28A-1
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Chapter 29: |
International Insolvency and Bankruptcy |
Timothy Mehok ~ Lemle & Kelleher, L.L.P Sean O'Neal ~ Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton Lindsee Granfield ~ Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP |
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- § 29:1 : Introduction29-3
- § 29:2 : Jurisdiction and Choice of Law29-4
- § 29:2.1 : United States29-5
- § 29:2.2 : Examples from Other Jurisdictions29-5
- [A] : Japan29-5
- [B] : European Countries29-6
- § 29:3 : Form of Proceeding29-7
- § 29:3.1 : United States29-9
- § 29:3.2 : Examples from Other Jurisdictions29-10
- [A] : England29-10
- [B] : Korea29-11
- [C] : Mexico29-13
- [D] : Canada29-14
- § 29:4 : Control and Management of Debtor29-17
- § 29:4.1 : United States29-18
- § 29:4.2 : Examples from Other Jurisdictions29-19
- [A] : Canada29-19
- [B] : England29-19
- [C] : Mexico29-20
- [D] : Korea29-20
- § 29:5 : Participation in Proceedings29-20
- § 29:5.1 : United States29-21
- § 29:5.2 : Examples from Other Jurisdictions29-24
- [A] : Mexico29-24
- [B] : Korea29-24
- [C] : Canada29-25
- § 29:6 : Rights of Secured Creditors29-26
- § 29:6.1 : United States29-27
- § 29:6.2 : Examples from Other Jurisdictions29-29
- [A] : Japan29-29
- [B] : Germany29-29
- § 29:7 : Priority Schemes29-30
- § 29:7.1 : United States29-31
- § 29:7.2 : Examples from Other Jurisdictions29-32
- [A] : Japan29-32
- [B] : Germany29-33
- [C] : Canada29-34
- § 29:8 : Status of Contractual Obligations29-35
- § 29:8.1 : United States29-36
- § 29:8.2 : Examples from Other Jurisdictions29-37
- [A] : Korea29-37
- [B] : Mexico29-38
- § 29:9 : Financing of Company Undergoing Restructuring29-39
- § 29:9.1 : United States29-39
- § 29:9.2 : Examples from Other Jurisdictions29-40
- [A] : Japan29-40
- [B] : Germany29-41
- [C] : Canada29-41
- § 29:10 : Avoidance Actions29-42
- § 29:10.1 : United States29-42
- [A] : Preferences29-42
- [B] : Fraudulent Conveyances29-43
- § 29:10.2 : Examples from Other Jurisdictions29-44
- [A] : England29-44
- [B] : Korea29-45
- § 29:11 : Liability for Directors and Officers29-46
- § 29:11.1 : United States29-46
- § 29:11.2 : Examples from Other Jurisdictions29-48
- § 29:12 : Ancillary Proceedings and International Insolvency Treaties29-51
- § 29:12.1 : The Model Law and Chapter 1529-51
- § 29:12.2 : The EU Regulation29-56
- § 29:13 : Conclusion29-59
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Chapter 30: |
Strategic Globalization of Pro Bono Service |
Phil Suse ~ Baker & McKenzie Madeleine Schachter ~ Global Access to Technology for Development |
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- § 30:1 : Conceptualizing Pro Bono Service30-2
- § 30:2 : Factors That Affect Development of Pro Bono Cultures30-7
- § 30:2.1 : Regulatory Regimes30-7
- § 30:2.2 : Cultural Norms30-8
- § 30:2.3 : Market Forces30-10
- § 30:3 : Legal and Ethical Considerations30-11
- § 30:3.1 : Conflicts of Interest30-11
- § 30:3.2 : Unauthorized Practice of Law30-12
- § 30:3.3 : Competency30-14
- § 30:4 : Vetting Considerations30-15
- § 30:5 : Engagement with Global Emerging and Other Markets30-18
- § 30:6 : Strategic Approaches30-19
- § 30:6.1 : Developing a Global Practice30-19
- § 30:6.2 : Assessing the Impact of Global Projects30-20
- § 30:6.3 : Engaging in Strategic Collaborations30-23
- § 30:6.4 : Aligning and Leveraging with Other Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives30-27
- § 30:7 : Conclusion30-29
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Chapter 31: |
Index to International Corporate Practice |
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