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Milton R. Friedman's Preface to the Sixth Edition; And Preface to the Seventh Edition |
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Chapter 1: |
Contracts of Sale; And Chapter 1A: Standard Clauses in Contracts of Sale |
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- § 1:1 : Overview1-2
- § 1:2 : Conditions1-3
- § 1:2.1 : Satisfaction Clauses1-6
- § 1:2.2 : Effect of Failure of Conditions1-8
- § 1:2.3 : Waiver of Conditions1-9
- § 1:3 : The Basic Contract1-10
- § 1:4 : Contract Formation1-13
- § 1:4.1 : Offer and Acceptance1-13
- [A] : Generally1-13
- [B] : What Constitutes an Offer1-15
- [C] : Method of Acceptance1-15
- [D] : Time for Acceptance1-16
- [E] : New Terms in Purported Acceptance1-17
- § 1:4.2 : Mutuality of Obligation1-20
- § 1:4.3 : Definiteness1-22
- § 1:5 : Incomplete Contracts1-27
- § 1:5.1 : Letters of Intent, Binders, and Memoranda1-27
- § 1:5.2 : Statute of Frauds1-31
- [A] : Essential Terms1-32
- [B] : Distinction Between Memorandum and Oral Agreement1-34
- [C] : Signature Requirement1-35
- [D] : Multiple Writings1-38
- [E] : Delivery1-38
- [F] : Admission of Contract1-39
- [G] : Effect of Unenforceable Contract1-40
- § 1:5.3 : Rescission and Modification1-42
- § 1:5.4 : Part Performance1-44
- § 1:6 : Options and Preemptive Rights1-48
- § 1:7 : Good Faith and Fair Dealing1-51
- § 1:8 : Attorney-Client Relationships1-52
- § 1:8.1 : Attorney Approval Clauses1-52
- [A] : New York Attorney Approval Clause: An Unfettered Right to Terminate1-55
- [B] : New Jersey Attorney Approval Clause: Mandatory Term in Broker-Prepared Residential Contract1-59
- § 1:8.2 : Attorney’s Representation of Seller and Buyer1-61
- § 1:9 : Contract Defenses1-64
- § 1:9.1 : Mutual Mistake1-64
- § 1:9.2 : Frustration of Purpose1-65
- § 1:9.3 : Impossibility and Impracticability1-66
- § 1:10 : Bankruptcy of Seller or Buyer1-66
- § 1A:1 : Parties1A-2
- § 1A:1.1 : Seller’s Name1A-2
- § 1A:1.2 : Buyer’s Name1A-3
- § 1A:1.3 : Non-Signing Owners1A-5
- § 1A:1.4 : Persons Named As Parties Who Do Not Sign1A-7
- § 1A:1.5 : Capacity to Contract1A-8
- § 1A:1.6 : Death of a Party1A-9
- § 1A:1.7 : Multiple Buyers and First Refusal Rights1A-12
- § 1A:1.8 : Tax Considerations1A-13
- § 1A:2 : Brokers1A-14
- § 1A:3 : Purchase Price1A-16
- § 1A:3.1 : General1A-16
- § 1A:3.2 : Term Providing for Method to Determine Price1A-17
- § 1A:3.3 : Term Leaving Price Open for Future Agreement1A-18
- § 1A:3.4 : Term Providing for Maximum or Minimum Price1A-18
- § 1A:3.5 : Adjustments Based upon Future Events1A-19
- § 1A:3.6 : Adjustments for Taxes and Other Charges1A-20
- § 1A:3.7 : Time of Payment1A-20
- § 1A:3.8 : Non-Cash Consideration1A-25
- § 1A:4 : Deposits and Escrow Payments1A-25
- § 1A:4.1 : General1A-25
- § 1A:4.2 : Payment to Escrow Agent1A-26
- § 1A:4.3 : Loss Due to Misappropriation by Escrow Agent1A-29
- § 1A:5 : Personal Property Included in Sale1A-31
- § 1A:6 : Leases1A-33
- § 1A:7 : Closing Adjustments1A-35
- § 1A:7.1 : Continuing Mortgages1A-36
- § 1A:7.2 : Insurance Policies1A-36
- § 1A:7.3 : Rents1A-37
- § 1A:7.4 : Real Property Taxes1A-38
- § 1A:8 : Assessments1A-39
- § 1A:9 : Streets1A-42
- § 1A:10 : Violations of Law1A-43
- § 1A:11 : Government Permits, Certificates, and Licenses1A-46
- § 1A:12 : Subdivision and Zoning Approvals1A-47
- § 1A:13 : Form of Deed1A-50
- § 1A:14 : Transfer Taxes1A-51
- § 1A:15 : Place of Closing1A-51
- § 1A:16 : Survey1A-52
- § 1A:17 : Possession1A-54
- § 1A:18 : Risk of Loss1A-56
- § 1A:19 : Tax Proceedings1A-56
- § 1A:20 : Limitation of Purchaser’s Liability1A-58
- § 1A:21 : Maintenance of Property1A-58
- § 1A:22 : Purchase of House Under Construction1A-60
- § 1A:23 : Seller’s Construction of Improvements1A-64
- § 1A:24 : Multiple Contracts for Assembling Several Properties1A-65
- § 1A:25 : Purchase Contingent on Buyer’s Sale of Other Property1A-68
- § 1A:26 : Feasibility Studies1A-69
- § 1A:27 : Approval of Other Persons1A-70
- § 1A:28 : Arbitration1A-70
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Chapter 2: |
Property Quality |
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- § 2:1 : Overview2-2
- § 2:2 : Inspection Provisions2-3
- § 2:2.1 : Sample Radon Inspection Clause2-5
- § 2:3 : Express Warranties of Quality2-6
- § 2:4 : Implied Warranties of Quality2-8
- § 2:4.1 : Lender Liability2-26
- § 2:4.2 : Disclaimers of Implied Warranties2-28
- § 2:5 : Statutory Warranties of Quality2-30
- § 2:6 : Misrepresentations by Sellers2-32
- § 2:6.1 : Assertion of Fact2-33
- § 2:6.2 : Representations Made by Agent2-35
- § 2:6.3 : Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion2-35
- § 2:6.4 : Representation of Law2-36
- § 2:6.5 : Partial Disclosure2-37
- § 2:6.6 : Active Concealment of Defects2-38
- § 2:6.7 : Physical Appearance of Property As Assertion2-39
- § 2:6.8 : Third-Party Reports2-40
- § 2:6.9 : Representations Made to Third Parties2-40
- § 2:6.10 : Representations by Builders2-40
- § 2:6.11 : New Fact Showing Prior Assertion Is False2-41
- § 2:6.12 : Materiality2-41
- § 2:6.13 : Reliance by Purchaser2-41
- § 2:6.14 : Matters of Public Record2-46
- § 2:6.15 : Representations Made after Contract Execution2-48
- § 2:6.16 : “As is” Clauses and Disclaimers2-48
- § 2:6.17 : Remedies for Misrepresentation2-50
- § 2:7 : Seller’s Disclosure Duties2-52
- § 2:7.1 : Implied Duties2-52
- § 2:7.2 : Statutory Duties2-58
- § 2:7.3 : Off-Site Conditions2-63
- § 2:7.4 : Stigmatized Property2-65
- § 2:8 : Buyer’s Disclosure Duties2-67
- § 2:9 : Broker’s Duties2-68
- § 2:10 : Rescission for Mutual Mistake2-71
- § 2:11 : The Remnant of Caveat Emptor2-74
- § 2:11.1 : “As is” Clauses2-78
- § 2:11.2 : Merger Clauses2-81
- § 2:12 : Contingency Escrows2-83
- § 2:13 : Liability for Personal Injuries2-85
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Chapter 3: |
Mortgage Financing; And Chapter 3A: Standard Clauses in Mortgages |
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- § 3:1 : Basic Mortgage Principles3-2
- § 3:1.1 : Generally3-2
- § 3:1.2 : Clogging the Equity of Redemption3-6
- § 3:1.3 : Disguised Mortgages3-7
- § 3:2 : New Mortgage from Third Party3-11
- § 3:2.1 : Generally3-11
- § 3:2.2 : Buyer’s Affirmative Obligation to Seek the Mortgage3-12
- [A] : Down Payment3-14
- [B] : “Reasonable Efforts”3-15
- [C] : Conditions3-20
- [D] : Mortgage Terms3-22
- [E] : Lenders3-25
- § 3:2.3 : Single or Multiple Loan Applications3-26
- § 3:2.4 : Waiver of Mortgage Condition3-29
- § 3:2.5 : Seller Financing As Substitute for Institutional Loan3-32
- § 3:2.6 : Commitment Fees3-34
- § 3:2.7 : Lender’s Revocation of Commitment3-36
- § 3:3 : Continuation of Existing Mortgage3-37
- § 3:3.1 : Planning and Drafting Considerations3-37
- § 3:3.2 : Distinction Between Assumption and Taking Subject to Mortgage3-46
- § 3:3.3 : Liabilities After Assumption3-49
- § 3:3.4 : Exoneration of Debt After Mortgagor’s Death3-54
- § 3:4 : Seller’s Purchase Money Mortgage3-61
- § 3:5 : Junior Mortgages3-66
- § 3:5.1 : Generally3-66
- § 3:5.2 : Equitable Subrogation Doctrine3-74
- § 3:5.3 : Subordination Agreements3-79
- § 3:5.4 : Wrap-around Mortgages3-82
- § 3:6 : Discharge of Mortgage3-83
- § 3:6.1 : Discharge by Mistake or Fraud3-83
- § 3:6.2 : Merger3-83
- § 3:6.3 : Deed in Lieu of Foreclosure3-86
- § 3:7 : Mortgage Bond or Note3-88
- § 3:8 : Expenses of Mortgage3-89
- § 3:9 : Release of Part of Mortgaged Premises3-90
- § 3:9.1 : Sample Forms of Release3-96
- § 3A:1 : The New York Statutory Form Mortgage3A-2
- § 3A:1.1 : Payment of Indebtedness3A-4
- § 3A:1.2 : Insurance3A-4
- [A] : Purchase of Insurance by Mortgagee3A-6
- [B] : Restoration of Premises3A-9
- [C] : Application of Insurance Proceeds to Debt3A-12
- [D] : Claims of Co-owners and Holders of Other Interests3A-13
- [E] : Transfers of Mortgaged Premises or Mortgage Loan3A-17
- [F] : Mortgagee Endorsements3A-19
- [G] : Mortgagee’s Acquisition of Title Before Insured Loss3A-23
- [H] : Mortgagee’s Acquisition of Title After Insured Loss3A-25
- [I] : Loss Payable Endorsement3A-28
- [J] : Liability of Mortgagee for Insurance Premiums3A-28
- [K] : Installment Land Contracts3A-29
- § 3A:1.3 : Building Removal3A-31
- § 3A:1.4 : Acceleration of Debt3A-32
- § 3A:1.5 : Appointment of Receiver3A-40
- § 3A:1.6 : Payment of Taxes and Charges3A-48
- § 3A:1.7 : Estoppel Certificate3A-50
- § 3A:1.8 : Notices3A-51
- § 3A:1.9 : Warranty of Title3A-52
- § 3A:1.10 : Adding Other Clauses to New York Statutory Form3A-53
- § 3A:2 : Dragnet3A-53
- § 3A:3 : Due-on-Sale3A-54
- § 3A:4 : Purchase Money Mortgage3A-63
- § 3A:5 : Description of Mortgaged Property3A-68
- § 3A:5.1 : Generally3A-68
- § 3A:5.2 : Fixtures and Personal Property3A-69
- § 3A:5.3 : After-Acquired Fixtures and Personal Property3A-71
- § 3A:6 : Waste3A-72
- § 3A:7 : Non-Recourse3A-75
- § 3A:8 : Maintenance of Premises in Good Condition3A-79
- § 3A:9 : Prepayment3A-80
- § 3A:10 : “Brundage” Clause3A-90
- § 3A:11 : Sale in One Parcel3A-91
- § 3A:12 : Lien Clause3A-91
- § 3A:13 : Condemnation3A-93
- § 3A:14 : Attorneys’ Fees3A-93
- § 3A:15 : Corporate Execution3A-94
- § 3A:16 : Lease Modification3A-94
- § 3A:17 : Survival of Mortgagor’s Liability3A-96
- § 3A:18 : Escrow Deposits3A-98
- § 3A:19 : Transferable Development Rights3A-99
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Chapter 4: |
Marketable Title; And Chapter 4A: Encumbrances; And Chapter 4B: Encroachments |
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- § 4:1 : Marketable Title Definitions4-2
- § 4:1.1 : Marketable Title As Question of Law or Question of Fact4-9
- § 4:1.2 : Buyer’s Knowledge of Defects4-10
- § 4:1.3 : Governmental Approvals4-10
- § 4:1.4 : Correction Deeds4-10
- § 4:1.5 : Affidavits4-11
- § 4:2 : Buyer’s Right to Marketable Title4-12
- § 4:3 : Contract Provisions on Title Quality4-15
- § 4:3.1 : Encumbrances on Title4-18
- § 4:3.2 : Buyer’s Acceptance Adds Title Requirement4-19
- § 4:3.3 : Relationship between Marketable Title and Deed4-21
- § 4:3.4 : Interpreting Contract Provisions4-23
- § 4:3.5 : Buyer’s Waiver of Title Defects4-27
- § 4:4 : Adverse Possession4-28
- § 4:4.1 : Prescriptive Easements4-44
- § 4:5 : Lapse of Time4-51
- § 4:6 : Estoppel4-53
- § 4:7 : Judicial Determination4-54
- § 4:8 : Burden of Proof4-55
- § 4:9 : Condemnation4-56
- § 4:10 : Risk of Loss4-63
- § 4:10.1 : Majority Rule: Risk on Purchaser4-63
- [A] : Insurance Proceeds4-67
- [B] : Other Compensation4-72
- § 4:10.2 : Minority Rule: Risk on Seller4-73
- § 4:10.3 : Uniform Vendor and Purchaser Risk Act4-76
- § 4:11 : Effect of Condemnation or Injury on Option to Purchase4-82
- § 4:12 : Party Walls4-86
- § 4:12.1 : Party Wall on Boundary Line As Encumbrance4-92
- § 4:12.2 : Party Wall Agreements4-95
- § 4:12.3 : Walls Wholly on One Parcel4-102
- § 4A:1 : The Nature of Encumbrances4A-1
- § 4A:2 : Mortgages4A-4
- § 4A:2.1 : Mortgages Barred by Passage of Time4A-7
- § 4A:2.2 : Merger of Mortgage and Fee4A-11
- § 4A:2.3 : Mortgage Foreclosure4A-12
- § 4A:3 : Leases4A-13
- § 4A:4 : Taxes, Assessments, and Water Charges4A-17
- § 4A:5 : Marital Property Rights4A-22
- § 4A:6 : Judgment Liens4A-25
- § 4A:7 : Mechanics’ Liens4A-30
- § 4A:8 : Decedent’s Debts4A-32
- § 4A:9 : Outstanding Conveyance or Contract of Sale4A-33
- § 4A:9.1 : Subsequent Grantee As Bona Fide Purchaser4A-35
- § 4A:9.2 : Lis Pendens4A-39
- § 4A:9.3 : Recorded Contracts of Sale4A-39
- § 4A:10 : Disposition of Encumbrance on Law Day4A-41
- § 4A:10.1 : Time When Title Must Be Marketable4A-41
- § 4A:10.2 : Tender, Performance, and Deductions from Price4A-45
- § 4A:10.3 : Sample Contract Clauses4A-54
- § 4A:11 : Other Recorded Documents4A-56
- § 4B:1 : The Nature of Encroachments and Projections4B-1
- § 4B:2 : Overhead Projections As Easements4B-3
- § 4B:3 : Remedies for Encroachments4B-6
- § 4B:3.1 : Self-Help4B-7
- § 4B:3.2 : Damages4B-7
- § 4B:3.3 : Ejectment4B-9
- § 4B:3.4 : Equitable Remedies4B-11
- § 4B:4 : Encroachments from Neighboring Property4B-18
- § 4B:5 : Encroachments onto Neighboring Property4B-20
- § 4B:5.1 : Agreement with Adjoining Owner4B-22
- § 4B:5.2 : Adverse Possession or Prescription4B-23
- § 4B:5.3 : Practical Location4B-24
- § 4B:5.4 : Agreement with Adjoining Owner4B-25
- § 4B:5.5 : Severance of Common Ownership4B-26
- § 4B:6 : Street Encroachments4B-29
- § 4B:7 : Contractual Provisions Respecting Encroachments4B-35
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Chapter 5: |
Easements; And Chapter 5A: Covenants |
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- § 5:1 : General Effect of Easements on Title5-2
- § 5:2 : Types of Easements5-6
- § 5:2.1 : Public Roads5-6
- § 5:2.2 : Private Rights-of-Way5-7
- § 5:2.3 : Railroad Rights-of-Way5-8
- § 5:2.4 : Parks5-9
- § 5:2.5 : Sewers5-9
- § 5:2.6 : Water Pipes and Water Rights5-10
- § 5:2.7 : Dams5-10
- § 5:2.8 : Drainage of Surface Waters5-10
- § 5:2.9 : Canals, Irrigation Ditches, and Levees5-12
- § 5:2.10 : Mineral and Oil Rights5-13
- § 5:2.11 : Public Utilities5-14
- § 5:2.12 : Public Rights5-16
- § 5:2.13 : Easements of View5-17
- § 5:3 : Non-Express Easements5-17
- § 5:3.1 : Easements Implied from Prior Use5-17
- [A] : General5-17
- [B] : Distinction Between Grant and Reservation5-19
- [C] : Simultaneous Conveyances to Multiple Grantees5-21
- [D] : Degree of Necessity5-22
- [E] : Modern Trend in Favor of Implied Easements5-25
- [F] : Role of Parties’ Intent5-27
- [G] : Apparent Use5-29
- [H] : Use at Time of Severance5-29
- [I] : Common Ownership5-31
- [J] : Method of Severance5-32
- [K] : Duration of Implied Easement5-34
- [L] : Forms Used in Contracts5-36
- [M] : Easements for Light, Air, and View5-37
- § 5:3.2 : Easements by Necessity5-39
- § 5:3.3 : Easements by Estoppel5-43
- § 5:4 : Buyer’s Consent to Easements5-45
- § 5:5 : Location of Easements5-47
- § 5:6 : Scope of Easements5-50
- § 5:7 : Termination of Easements5-68
- § 5:7.1 : Termination by Abandonment5-69
- § 5:7.2 : Termination by Merger5-71
- § 5:7.3 : Termination by Destruction of Improvements5-72
- § 5:7.4 : Termination by Adverse Possession5-73
- § 5:7.5 : Effect of Foreclosure Sales5-74
- § 5:8 : Lateral Support5-77
- § 5A:1 : The Nature of Covenants5A-2
- § 5A:2 : Creation by Subdivision Plat5A-3
- § 5A:3 : Scope and Construction of Covenants5A-3
- § 5A:3.1 : Strict Construction Versus Plain Meaning5A-4
- § 5A:3.2 : Resolving Ambiguities5A-6
- § 5A:3.3 : Setback Restrictions5A-7
- § 5A:3.4 : Size Restrictions for Lots and Buildings5A-9
- § 5A:3.5 : Height Restrictions5A-10
- § 5A:3.6 : Architectural and Building Restrictions5A-12
- [A] : Distinction Between Erecting Buildings and Use of Property5A-12
- [B] : Rejection of the Erection-Use Distinction5A-13
- [C] : Scope of the Term “Building”5A-15
- [D] : Scope of the Term “Structure”5A-16
- [E] : Restrictions on Fences5A-17
- [F] : Restrictions on Architectural Style and Building Materials5A-17
- [G] : Approval by Developer or Other Entity5A-18
- § 5A:3.7 : Restrictions on Business Uses5A-23
- § 5A:3.8 : Sign Restrictions5A-25
- § 5A:3.9 : Residential Use Restrictions5A-25
- [A] : “Single-Family” Restrictions5A-29
- [B] : Group Homes5A-33
- [C] : Animals and Pets5A-35
- [D] : Mobile Home Restrictions5A-35
- [E] : Home Businesses5A-39
- [F] : Rights-of-Way in Residential Neighborhoods5A-41
- § 5A:3.10 : Restrictions That Violate Public Policy5A-45
- § 5A:3.11 : Restrictions on Religious Uses5A-46
- § 5A:3.12 : Restrictions on Communications Facilities5A-47
- § 5A:4 : Restraints on Alienation5A-48
- § 5A:4.1 : Types of Restraints5A-48
- § 5A:4.2 : Partial Restraints5A-49
- § 5A:4.3 : Buyer Approval Clauses5A-49
- § 5A:4.4 : Seller Options to Repurchase5A-50
- § 5A:4.5 : Transfer Fee Covenants5A-51
- § 5A:5 : Modifications to Covenants5A-53
- § 5A:6 : Enforcement Based on General Plan5A-59
- § 5A:6.1 : Effect of Developer’s Power to Modify Covenants5A-62
- § 5A:6.2 : Distinction Between Covenants and Defeasible Estates5A-64
- § 5A:7 : Enforcement Based on Ownership of Grantor’s Retained Land5A-64
- § 5A:8 : Enforcement of Covenants Among Neighbors5A-70
- § 5A:9 : Enforcement by Property Owners’ Association5A-74
- § 5A:10 : Enforcement by Government5A-75
- § 5A:11 : Duration of Covenants5A-76
- § 5A:11.1 : Specified Time Periods for Duration5A-76
- § 5A:11.2 : Termination Due to Changed Conditions5A-78
- § 5A:11.3 : Effect of Zoning5A-84
- § 5A:11.4 : Statute of Limitations5A-85
- § 5A:11.5 : Waiver, Estoppel, Laches, and Abandonment5A-85
- § 5A:11.6 : Procedural and Remedial Issues5A-90
- § 5A:12 : Effect of Covenants on Marketability of Title5A-95
- § 5A:12.1 : Relationship Between Covenant and Restrictions Imposed by Other Laws5A-97
- § 5A:12.2 : Waiver by Buyer5A-99
- § 5A:12.3 : Contractual Provisions Respecting Covenants5A-100
- § 5A:12.4 : Duration and Termination of Covenants5A-103
- § 5A:13 : Effect of Covenants on Determination of Value in Condemnation5A-107
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Chapter 6: |
Assignments of Contracts of Sale |
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- § 6:1 : Buyers’ Assignments6-1
- § 6:1.1 : Generally6-1
- § 6:1.2 : Consideration Given for Assignment6-4
- § 6:1.3 : Mortgage Financing6-6
- § 6:1.4 : Assumption by Assignee6-8
- § 6:1.5 : Nominees6-11
- § 6:1.6 : Seller’s Fraud6-17
- § 6:1.7 : Reformation6-19
- § 6:1.8 : Rescission6-21
- § 6:2 : Sellers’ Assignments6-23
- § 6:3 : Statute of Frauds6-25
- § 6:4 : Contract Restrictions on Assignments6-27
- § 6:5 : Collateral Assignments (Security)6-32
- § 6:5.1 : Buyers’ Assignments for Security6-32
- § 6:5.2 : Sellers’ Assignments for Security6-33
- § 6:6 : Subcontracts6-34
- § 6:7 : Forms of Assignment of Contracts of Sale6-39
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Chapter 7: |
Contract Remedies |
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- § 7:1 : Breach by Buyer7-2
- § 7:1.1 : Generally7-2
- § 7:1.2 : Anticipatory Breach7-4
- § 7:1.3 : Damages7-6
- [A] : Generally7-6
- [B] : Loss of Bargain7-7
- [C] : Resale of Property by Seller7-8
- [D] : Consequential Damages7-9
- [E] : Offsets and Counterclaims7-12
- [F] : Installment Land Contracts7-12
- [G] : Action for Full Price7-13
- § 7:1.4 : Specific Performance7-13
- § 7:1.5 : Forfeiture of Part Payment7-18
- [A] : Generally7-18
- [B] : Seller’s Automatic Retention of Payment7-19
- [C] : Seller’s Retention of Payment Limited to Actual Damages7-21
- [D] : Seller’s Retention of Payment Depends Upon Other Factors7-24
- [E] : Statutes Governing Seller’s Retention of Payment7-24
- [F] : Payments Made or Promised after Initial Down Payment7-28
- [G] : Seller’s Collection on Check or Promissory Note7-28
- [H] : Installment Land Contracts7-30
- [I] : Liquidated Damages Clauses7-32
- [J] : Seller’s Election of Remedies7-40
- § 7:1.6 : Clearing Seller’s Title of Claim by Buyer7-41
- § 7:1.7 : Vendor’s Lien7-43
- [A] : Express Vendor’s Lien7-43
- [B] : Implied Vendor’s Lien7-44
- § 7:1.8 : Rescission7-48
- § 7:1.9 : Bankruptcy of Buyer7-51
- § 7:2 : Breach by Seller7-53
- § 7:2.1 : Generally7-53
- § 7:2.2 : Anticipatory Breach7-54
- § 7:2.3 : Damages7-55
- [A] : Generally7-55
- [B] : Loss of Bargain7-57
- [C] : Good-Faith Rule7-62
- [D] : Consequential Damages7-66
- [E] : Lost Profits7-69
- [F] : Statutory Damages7-70
- § 7:2.4 : Specific Performance7-70
- § 7:2.5 : Specific Performance with Price Abatement7-76
- § 7:2.6 : Vendee’s Lien7-83
- § 7:2.7 : Fraud and Rescission7-86
- § 7:2.8 : Bankruptcy of Seller7-94
- § 7:3 : Time for Performance7-95
- § 7:3.1 : Generally7-95
- § 7:3.2 : Time of the Essence Doctrine7-96
- § 7:3.3 : “Time is of the Essence” Notices7-100
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Chapter 8: |
Deeds; And Appendix 8A: State-by-State Analysis of Recording Acts |
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- § 8:1 : Deed Elements8-2
- § 8:2 : Grantor8-2
- § 8:2.1 : Generally8-2
- § 8:2.2 : Grantor’s Competence8-3
- § 8:2.3 : Grantee’s Undue Influence Over Grantor8-5
- § 8:2.4 : Other Bases for Setting Aside a Deed8-6
- § 8:3 : Grantee8-7
- § 8:3.1 : Generally8-7
- § 8:3.2 : Married Grantees8-9
- § 8:3.3 : Corporations and Other Entities8-10
- § 8:4 : Consideration8-11
- § 8:5 : Conveyance Taxes8-14
- § 8:6 : Execution8-17
- § 8:7 : Delivery8-19
- § 8:7.1 : Generally8-19
- § 8:7.2 : Transfer of Deed to Third Person8-21
- § 8:7.3 : Presumption of Delivery from Recordation8-22
- § 8:8 : Acceptance of Deed8-24
- § 8:8.1 : Generally8-24
- § 8:8.2 : Deed Poll and Deed of Indenture8-26
- § 8:9 : Acknowledgment8-27
- § 8:9.1 : Generally8-27
- § 8:9.2 : Curative Statutes8-30
- § 8:9.3 : Acknowledgments by Notaries Public8-32
- § 8:9.4 : Acknowledgments by Other Officers8-32
- § 8:9.5 : Foreign Acknowledgments and Authentication8-32
- § 8:10 : Recordation and Constructive Notice8-33
- § 8:11 : Preparation of Deeds by Non-attorneys8-35
- § 8:12 : Completion or Alteration of Deed After Execution8-36
- § 8:13 : Forgery8-37
- § 8:14 : Covenants of Title8-39
- § 8:14.1 : Generally8-39
- § 8:14.2 : Limitation of Warranties8-41
- § 8:14.3 : “Subject to” Clauses8-44
- § 8:14.4 : Measure of Damages8-48
- § 8:14.5 : Estoppel by Deed8-49
- § 8:15 : Quitclaim Deeds8-50
- § 8:16 : Exceptions and Reservations8-52
- § 8:17 : Interests Created by Deed8-53
- § 8:17.1 : Defeasible Estates8-53
- § 8:17.2 : Present Estate and Future Interests8-55
- § 8:17.3 : Conveyances to Railroads8-56
- § 8:18 : Merger by Deed8-59
- § 8:19 : Reformation of Deeds8-75
- Appendix 8A : State-by-State Analysis of Recording ActsApp. 8A-1
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Chapter 9: |
Examination of Title; And Chapter 9A: Title Products; And Chapter 9B: Zoning |
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- § 9:1 : The Nature of Title Searches9-2
- § 9:2 : Adverse Possession9-4
- § 9:3 : Marketable Title Legislation9-9
- § 9:4 : Statutes Barring Mortgages9-12
- § 9:5 : Mineral Lapse Statutes9-13
- § 9:6 : Defeasible Estates and Future Interests9-14
- § 9:6.1 : Statutory Termination of Future Interests9-15
- § 9:7 : Record Title9-18
- § 9:7.1 : Transfer of Title at Owner’s Death9-22
- § 9:7.2 : Transfer of Title by Mortgage Foreclosure9-23
- § 9:7.3 : Transfer of Title by Tax Foreclosure9-24
- § 9:7.4 : Transfer of Title by Judicial Proceedings9-25
- § 9:7.5 : Property Rights That Are Not Required to Be Recorded9-26
- § 9:7.6 : Instruments That Are Not Properly Indexed or Recorded9-28
- § 9:7.7 : Recorded Instruments That Are Not Entitled to Be of Record9-32
- § 9:7.8 : Recorded Instruments That Are Outside the Chain of Title9-33
- § 9:8 : Encumbrances9-33
- § 9:9 : Inspection of Premises9-34
- § 9:9.1 : Evidence of Rights from Physical Conditions and Improvements9-34
- § 9:9.2 : Rights of Possessors and Occupants9-37
- [A] : Rights of Tenants9-46
- [B] : Retention of Possession by Grantor After Conveyance9-47
- [C] : Possession That Is Consistent with Record Title9-49
- [D] : Statutory Reform9-50
- § 9:10 : Building Codes and Other Ordinances9-54
- § 9:10.1 : Certificate of Occupancy9-59
- § 9:10.2 : Contract Provisions Dealing with Violations9-61
- § 9:10.3 : Forms for Clauses Dealing with Violations9-65
- [A] : Purchaser’s Form9-66
- [B] : Seller’s Form9-67
- [C] : Neutral Form9-67
- § 9:11 : Streets9-68
- § 9:12 : Title Standards9-69
- § 9A:1 : Title Abstracts9A-1
- § 9A:2 : Attorneys’ Title Opinions and Certificates9A-4
- § 9A:3 : Title Insurance9A-7
- § 9A:3.1 : Insurable Title and Marketable Title Compared9A-9
- § 9A:3.2 : Risks Covered by Owner’s Policy9A-10
- § 9A:3.3 : Providing for Title Insurance in the Contract of Purchase9A-17
- § 9A:3.4 : Measure of Recovery Under Policy9A-20
- § 9A:3.5 : Duty of Insurer to Search Title and Disclose Defects9A-24
- § 9A:3.6 : Liabilities Involving Third Parties9A-26
- § 9A:3.7 : Lender’s Policy of Title Insurance9A-26
- § 9A:3.8 : Subrogation After Payment by Insurer9A-27
- § 9A:3.9 : Policy Forms and Coverages9A-29
- § 9A:4 : Torrens System: Title Registration9A-34
- § 9B:1 : Allocation of Risk to Buyer9B-1
- § 9B:2 : Zoning Violations at Time of Contract or Conveyance9B-3
- § 9B:2.1 : Buyer’s Rights Under Contract9B-3
- § 9B:2.2 : Buyer’s Rights Under Deed Covenants9B-6
- § 9B:3 : Seller Representations As to Zoning9B-7
- § 9B:4 : Seller Disclosures Required by Statute9B-8
- § 9B:5 : Contract Provisions Dealing with Zoning9B-9
- § 9B:6 : Zoning Amendments9B-9
- § 9B:7 : Nonconforming Uses9B-12
- § 9B:7.1 : Termination9B-14
- § 9B:7.2 : Change in Ownership9B-16
- § 9B:8 : Variances9B-17
- § 9B:9 : Subdivision Regulations9B-19
- § 9B:10 : Moratoria on Building or Development9B-21
- § 9B:11 : Other Public Land Use Regulations9B-22
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Chapter 10: |
Land Descriptions and Boundaries |
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- § 10:1 : Contract Descriptions10-2
- § 10:2 : Seller’s Representations of Boundaries or Area10-3
- § 10:3 : Sales in Gross or by Area10-4
- § 10:4 : Roads and Access10-10
- § 10:5 : Appurtenant Rights10-11
- § 10:6 : Surveys10-11
- § 10:7 : Legal Adequacy of Description10-20
- § 10:7.1 : Descriptions in Contracts of Sale10-20
- [A] : Generally10-20
- [B] : Street Address References10-24
- [C] : Sale of Part of Seller’s Parcel10-25
- [D] : Parol Evidence10-26
- [E] : Possession Taken by Buyer10-28
- § 10:7.2 : Descriptions in Conveyances10-29
- [A] : Generally10-29
- [B] : Streets10-33
- [C] : Private Roads10-35
- [D] : Strip and Gore Doctrine10-35
- [E] : Improvements and Fixtures10-39
- [F] : Maps and Plats10-40
- [G] : Easements and Appurtenances10-44
- [H] : Rivers and Other Waters10-48
- [I] : Reference to Source of Title10-50
- [J] : Vagueness of Description10-54
- [K] : Lands Held Adversely10-57
- § 10:8 : Practical Location of Boundaries10-59
- § 10:8.1 : Generally10-59
- § 10:8.2 : Boundary by Informal Agreement10-60
- § 10:8.3 : Boundary by Acquiescence10-63
- § 10:8.4 : Boundary by Estoppel10-69
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Chapter 11: |
Closing Process |
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- § 11:1 : Transfer of Possession11-1
- § 11:1.1 : Generally11-1
- § 11:1.2 : Possession by Buyer Before Closing11-4
- [A] : Eviction of Defaulting Buyer11-4
- [B] : Improvements Made by Buyer11-6
- [C] : Liability for Waste and Rental Value11-10
- [D] : Seller’s Title11-13
- [E] : Action Against Third Person for Damage11-14
- § 11:1.3 : Possession by Seller After Closing11-14
- § 11:1.4 : Tenants in Possession after Closing11-15
- § 11:2 : Postponement of Closing11-16
- § 11:2.1 : Generally11-16
- § 11:2.2 : Seller in Possession11-18
- § 11:2.3 : Buyer in Possession11-20
- § 11:2.4 : Stipulations for Adjournment11-21
- § 11:3 : Medium of Payment11-23
- § 11:3.1 : Generally11-23
- § 11:3.2 : “Good Funds” Laws11-29
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Chapter 12: |
Closing Adjustments |
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- § 12:1 : Absence of Contractual Provisions12-2
- § 12:1.1 : Generally12-2
- § 12:1.2 : Non-Apportionment12-3
- § 12:1.3 : Taxes, Mortgages, Liens, and Insurance12-5
- § 12:1.4 : Mistakes12-6
- § 12:1.5 : Closing Costs12-8
- § 12:2 : Rent12-9
- § 12:2.1 : Generally12-9
- § 12:2.2 : Percentage Rent12-10
- § 12:2.3 : Rent Adjustments Based on Expenses12-11
- § 12:2.4 : Rent Control Laws12-13
- § 12:3 : Rent Security12-13
- § 12:3.1 : Generally12-13
- § 12:3.2 : Application of U.C.C. Article 912-16
- § 12:4 : Taxes12-20
- § 12:4.1 : Generally12-20
- § 12:4.2 : Special Assessments12-23
- § 12:4.3 : Apportionment of Income Tax Deduction12-23
- § 12:5 : Water and Utilities12-25
- § 12:6 : Insurance12-26
- § 12:7 : Fuel12-28
- § 12:8 : Wages12-28
- § 12:9 : Service Contracts12-29
- § 12:10 : Submetering of Electricity12-30
- § 12:11 : Deferred Brokerage Commissions12-31
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Chapter 13: |
Closing Documents |
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- § 13:1 : Instruments and Papers to Be Delivered at Closing13-1
- § 13:1.1 : The Deed13-2
- § 13:1.2 : Mortgage Papers13-2
- § 13:1.3 : Leases and Rental Agreements13-2
- § 13:1.4 : Insurance13-7
- § 13:1.5 : Employees’ Contracts13-7
- § 13:1.6 : Utility Contracts13-8
- § 13:1.7 : Service Contracts13-8
- § 13:1.8 : Installment Contracts for Purchase or Lease of Goods13-8
- § 13:1.9 : Guaranty of Construction, Repairs, and Alterations13-9
- § 13:1.10 : Awards and Claims13-9
- § 13:1.11 : Building Certificates—Vault Permits13-10
- § 13:2 : Preparation for Closing13-10
- § 13:2.1 : Generally13-10
- § 13:2.2 : Seller’s Attorney—Checklist for Closing13-13
- § 13:2.3 : Buyer’s Attorney—Checklist for Closing13-16
- § 13:3 : Closing Statement13-17
- § 13:3.1 : Generally13-17
- § 13:3.2 : Sample Seller’s Closing Statement13-18
- § 13:3.3 : Buyer’s Closing Statement13-25
- § 13:4 : Conduct of Closing13-26
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Chapter 14: |
Appendix A: Customs in Respect to Title Closings Recommended by the Real Estate Board of New York, Inc. |
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Chapter 15: |
Appendix B: Checklist for Buyer |
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Chapter 16: |
Appendix C: 2005 Minimum Standard Detail Requirements for ALTA/ACSM Land Title Surveys |
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Chapter 17: |
Table of Authorities |
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Chapter 18: |
Index to Friedman on Contracts and Conveyances of Real Property |
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