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Evidence in Negligence Cases (10th Edition)
 by Thomas A. Moore, Kevin P McMullen
 
 Copyright: 1997-2010
 Last Updated: November 2010

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  • ISBN Number: 0872241076
  • Page Count: 1905
  • Number of Volumes: 2
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"[Tom Moore] is one of the country’s preeminent medical malpractice lawyers.”
 —The New York Times

”Tom Moore is clearly one of the premier medical malpractice lawyers in the nation.”  
—Lawyers Weekly

”[Tom Moore’s] success in winning extraordinary verdicts, even in the toughest cases, is legendary.” 
 —The American Lawyer
 
In PLI’s Evidence in Negligence Cases, renowned litigator Thomas A. Moore shows you how to win personal injury cases by picking, preparing, presenting, and reinforcing your most powerful evidence.

Evidence in Negligence Cases gives you the knowledge and tools to gather and organize your strongest evidence and develop winning case plans; impress jurors with your competence and conviction as early as voir dire; select the right lay and expert witnesses and prepare them effectively; anticipate and counter your opponent’s strategies to get an early edge; establish (or undermine) the four key elements of a prima facie case; maximize the probative power of different types of demonstrative evidence; draft and deliver convincing opening statements and summations; destroy the credibility of witnesses through cross-examination; rehabilitate witnesses through successful redirect examination; and request charges that put you in a better position to win.

Included are more than 225 sample forms, legal and medical documents, trial transcripts, case law examples, and other litigation resources.

Updated at least once a year, Evidence in Negligence Cases is an indispensable litigation handbook for every attorney who handles a personal injury case, for plaintiffs or defendants.

Chapter 1: Preparation for the Trial: The Preliminary Investigation; And Examples
  • 1.1 : Obtaining the Necessary Evidence1-6
    • 1.1.1 : Interviewing the Client1-6
    • 1.1.2 : Obtaining Medical Records1-10
    • 1.1.3 : Collecting Reports1-13
    • 1.1.4 : Ascertaining the Witnesses and the Parties1-14
    • 1.1.5 : Obtaining Rules and Regulations or Professional Guidelines1-15
      • 1.1.5.1 : Rules and Regulations1-15
      • 1.1.5.2 : Guidelines of Professional Organizations1-16
    • 1.1.6 : Taking Photographs and Making Diagrams1-17
    • 1.1.7 : Conducting an Inspection1-18
    • 1.1.8 : Preparing for Impeachment1-18
    • 1.1.9 : Securing Expert Testimony1-19
    • 1.1.10 : Contacting the Opposing Party’s Attorney1-22
    • 1.1.11 : Conclusion1-23
  • 1.2 : Planning the Case1-23
    • 1.2.1 : The Pleadings1-23
    • 1.2.2 : The Examination Before Trial1-26
    • 1.2.3 : The Pre-Trial Motions1-31
  • 1.3 : Preparing for the Trial1-32
    • 1.3.1 : Focusing on the Issues1-32
    • 1.3.2 : Presenting the Witnesses1-33
    • 1.3.3 : Preparing the Witnesses1-34
    • 1.3.4 : Rehabilitating the Witness1-36
    • 1.3.5 : Making Objections1-36
    • 1.3.6 : Preparing to Cross-Examine the Opponent’s Witnesses1-37
    • 1.3.7 : Requesting a Charge1-38
    • 1.3.8 : Composing the Closing Argument and the Opening Statement1-38
  • 1.4 : Common Misunderstandings and Errors1-39
    • 1.4.1 : Asking Improper Hypothetical Questions1-39
    • 1.4.2 : Eliciting Expert Testimony from a Lay Witness1-40
    • 1.4.3 : Using Impeachment as Evidence-in-Chief1-40
    • 1.4.4 : Relying Excessively on Notes1-40
    • 1.4.5 : Violating Miscellaneous Rules of Thumb1-41
  • 1.5 : Conclusion1-41
  • Example 1-1: : Fact Sheet for Negligence Cases1EX1-1
  • Example 1-2: : Medical History Questionnaire1EX2-1
  • Example 1-3: : OB Fact Sheet: Addendum to the Medical History Questionnaire1EX3-1
  • Example 1-4: : Retainer Agreement1EX4-1
  • Example 1-5: : Consent to Change Attorney1EX5-1
  • Example 1-5A: : Letter Declining Employment1EX5A-1
  • Example 1-6: : Authorization for Medical Records1EX6-1
  • Example 1-7: : Authorization for Release of Health Information Pursuant to HIPAA1EX7-1
  • Example 1-8: : Components of Comprehensive Medical Records for Hospital or Office Treatment1EX8-1
  • Example 1-9: : Components of Comprehensive Medical Records for Nursing Homes1EX9-1
  • Example 1-10: : Dividers for Looseleaf Binders of Medical Evidence1EX10-1
  • Example 1-11: : Cover Letter to a Physician1EX11-1
  • Example 1-12: : Cover Letter to a Hospital1EX12-1
  • Example 1-13: : Cover Letter to a Pharmacy1EX13-1
  • Example 1-14: : Cover Letter to a Chiropractor1EX14-1
  • Example 1-15: : Cover Letter to a Therapist1EX15-1
  • Example 1-16: : Cover Letter to a Facility for Substance Abuse1EX16-1
  • Example 1-17: : Cover Letter to a Psychiatrist or to a Psychologist1EX17-1
  • Example 1-18: : Cover Letter for a Pathology Specimen1EX18-1
  • Example 1-19: : Affidavit by the Custodian of the Records1EX19-1
  • Example 1-20: : Retainer Statement to the Office of Court Administration1EX20-1
  • Example 1-21: : Retainer Statement (Nunc Pro Tunc)1EX21-1
  • Example 1-22: : Notice of Possible Excess Judgment1EX22-1
  • Example 1-23: : Notice of Possible Excess Judgment (Automobile Accident)1EX23-1
  • Example 1-24: : Insurance Company’s Suit Transmittal to Defense Counsel1EX24-1
  • Example 1-25: : Defense Counsel’s Pre-Trial Report to Insurance Company1EX25-1
  • Example 1-26: : Order to Show Cause with a Petition1EX26-1
  • Example 1-27: : Report of a Motor Vehicle Accident (Blank)1EX27-1
  • Example 1-28: : Police Accident Report (Completed)1EX28-1
  • Example 1-29: : Accident Occurrence Report (Long Island Senior Games)1EX29-1
  • Example 1-30: : Request for Copy of Aided/Accident Report (N.Y. City)1EX30-1
  • Example 1-31: : Request for Copy of Accident Report (N.Y. State)1EX31-1
  • Example 1-32: : No-Fault Insurance Claim1EX32-1
  • Example 1-33: : Letter of Instruction1EX33-1
  • Example 1-34: : Medical History (U.S.A.V.)1EX34-1
  • Example 1-35: : Emergency Medical Information (Equestrian)1EX35-1
  • Example 1-36: : How to Use the Consumer Product Safety Commission1EX36-1
  • Example 1-37: : Product-Related Injury/Incident Report1EX37-1
  • Example 1-38: : List of Prospective Witnesses1EX38-1
  • Example 1-39: : The Demand to Produce the Names and Addresses of Witnesses1EX39-1
  • Example 1-40: : Notice of Discovery and Inspection1EX40-1
  • Example 1-41: : Policies and Procedures for Department of Anesthesiology1EX41-1
  • Example 1-41A: : E.C.R.I. Healthcare Standards Directory: Computer Screens1EX41A-1
  • Example 1-42: : Websites and Online Libraries1EX42-1
  • Example 1-43: : Diagram of Accident1EX43-1
  • Example 1-44: : Taxicab Driver’s Diagram of the Accident1EX44-1
  • Example 1-45: : Authorization for Records1EX45-1
  • Example 1-45A: : Order of Suspension or Revocation of Driver’s License1EX45A-1
  • Example 1-46: : Resumé of Expert Medical Witness1EX46-1
  • Example 1-47: : Expert Qualification Questionnaire1EX47-1
  • Example 1-48: : Cover Letter to a Medical Expert (Kramer Dillof)1EX48-1
  • Example 1-49: : Cover Letter to Medical Expert (M.R.R.S.)1EX49-1
  • Example 1-50: : Work Product List: Medical Records Review Service, Inc.1EX50-1
  • Example 1-51: : Work Product Request: Personal Injury (M.R.R.S.)1EX51-1
  • Example 1-52: : Work Product Request: Medical Malpractice (M.R.R.S.)1EX52-1
  • Example 1-53: : Email Contact Sheet (M.R.R.S.)1EX53-1
  • Example 1-54: : Evaluation of Medical Merit (M.R.R.S.)1EX54-1
  • Example 1-55: : Comprehensive Chronology and Fact Report (M.R.R.S.)1EX55-1
  • Example 1-56: : Brief Chronology and Fact Report1EX56-1
  • Example 1-57: : Cover Letter from Economist1EX57-1
  • Example 1-58: : Letter to Opposing Party’s Attorney1EX58-1
  • Example 1-59: : Outline of Plaintiff’s Cause of Action1EX59-1
  • Example 1-60: : Introduction to the A.A.J. Exchange (Member Resources)1EX60-1
  • Example 1-61: : Litigation Packets from the A.A.J. Exchange1EX61-1
  • Example 1-61A: : Case Evaluation Kits from the A.A.J. Exchange1EX61A-1
  • Example 1-62: : A.A.J. Law Reporter Documents1EX62-1
  • Example 1-62A: : A.A.J. Court Documents, Abstract Sets, and Injury Collection1EX62A-1
  • Example 1-63: : Electronic Recording Transcription Services1EX63-1
  • Example 1-64: : Transcription Request1EX64-1
  • Example 1-65: : Identification of Speakers by Microphone1EX65-1
  • Example 1-66: : Defendant’s Notice to Take Deposition upon Oral Examination1EX66-1
  • Example 1-67: : Plaintiff’s Combined Demand and Notice of EBT1EX67-1
  • Example 1-68: : EBT Briefing Book on Obstetrical Cases1EX68-1
  • Example 1-69: : Educational Briefing Book: Table of Contents (M.R.R.S.)1EX69-1
  • Example 1-70: : Proposed Questions for the Deposition (M.R.R.S.)1EX70-1
  • Example 1-71: : Stipulations for EBT1EX71-1
  • Example 1-72: : Memorandum After EBT1EX72-1
  • Example 1-73: : Abstract of the Deposition of a Physician (M.R.R.S.)1EX73-1
  • Example 1-74: : Integrated Abstract of the Depositions (M.R.R.S.)1EX74-1
  • Example 1-75: : Notice for Discovery and Inspection of Office Records1EX75-1
  • Example 1-76: : Motion to Strike Answer for Refusing to Schedule Examination Before Trial1EX76-1
  • Example 1-77: : Motion to Compel Discovery or to Strike Answer1EX77-1
  • Example 1-78: : Physician’s Office Record1EX78-1
  • Example 1-79: : Physician’s Intake Form1EX79-1
  • Example 1-80: : Physician’s Curriculum Vitae1EX80-1
  • Example 1-81: : Emergency Room Log1EX81-1
  • Example 1-82: : Plaintiff’s Order of Proof1EX82-1
  • Example 1-83: : Brochure from a Jury Consultant1EX83-1
  • Example 1-84: : Contact Sheet for a Jury Consultant1EX84-1
Chapter 2: Preparation for the Trial: The Pleadings and Auxiliary Documents; And Examples; And Chapter 2A: Motions for Summary Judgment and Motions in Limine; And Examples
  • 2.1 : The Notice of Claim2-4
  • 2.2 : The Complaint2-7
  • 2.3 : The Answer2-13
    • 2.3.1 : In General2-13
    • 2.3.2 : Defenses2-14
      • 2.3.2.1 : Workers’ Compensation2-14
      • 2.3.2.2 : Contract2-15
      • 2.3.2.3 : Assumption of Risk2-18
      • 2.3.2.4 : Failure to Mitigate Damages2-20
    • 2.3.3 : Payment of Damages in Action for Personal Injury2-21
  • 2.4 : The Bill of Particulars2-23
    • 2.4.1 : The Action for Personal Injury2-23
    • 2.4.2 : Failing to Include a Claim in the Bill of Particulars2-25
    • 2.4.3 : An Admission Against Interest2-28
  • 2.5 : The Discovery Order2-29
    • 2.5.1 : The Request for Judicial Intervention2-29
    • 2.5.2 : The Pre-Calendar Conference2-30
  • 2.6 : The Reports of Medical Experts2-32
    • 2.6.1 : The General Scheme2-32
    • 2.6.2 : Judicial Enforcement2-33
    • 2.6.3 : Motion for Summary Judgment2-36
  • 2.7 : The Marked Pleadings2-38
  • 2.8 : Additional Documents2-39
  • 2.9 : The Procedural Context for the Rules of Evidence2-41
    • 2.9.1 : Joining the Issues2-42
      • 2.9.1.1 : Plaintiff Commences the Action2-42
      • 2.9.1.2 : Defendant Joins the Issues Per Se2-44
      • 2.9.1.3 : The Parties Complete the Pleadings2-45
    • 2.9.2 : Compelling Discovery2-45
      • 2.9.2.1 : Obtaining the Discovery Order2-46
      • 2.9.2.2 : Complying with the Discovery Order2-47
        • 2.9.2.2.1 : Identification of Witnesses and Production of Records2-47
        • 2.9.2.2.2 : Physical Examination of Plaintiff and Discovery of Expert Witnesses2-48
        • 2.9.2.2.3 : Examination Before Trial2-49
      • 2.9.2.3 : Adapting to the Results of Discovery2-50
    • 2.9.3 : Precipitating the Trial2-51
      • 2.9.3.1 : The Note of Issue2-51
      • 2.9.3.2 : The Notice to Admit2-52
        • 2.9.3.2.1 : The Rules2-53
        • 2.9.3.2.2 : The Tactics2-55
      • 2.9.3.3 : The Pretrial Conference2-58
      • 2.9.3.4 : The Marked Pleadings2-58
  • 2.10 : Conclusion2-60
  • Example 2-1: : Notice of Claim2EX1-1
  • Example 2-2: : Hospitals Operated by the NYCH&HC2EX2-1
  • Example 2-3: : Notice of Claim Against Transit Authority2EX3-1
  • Example 2-4: : Notice of Claim to Motor Vehicle Accident Indemnification Corporation2EX4-1
  • Example 2-5: : The Complaint2EX5-1
  • Example 2-6: : Request for Supplemental Demand2EX6-1
  • Example 2-7: : Response to Demand for Total Damages2EX7-1
  • Example 2-7A: : Certificate of Merit2EX7A-1
  • Example 2-8: : Waiver for Minor2EX8-1
  • Example 2-9: : Waiver for Adult2EX9-1
  • Example 2-10: : Waiver with Requirements2EX10-1
  • Example 2-11: : Instructions for Participants2EX11-1
  • Example 2-12: : Riding Agreement (Release)2EX12-1
  • Example 2-12A: : Release with Choice of Law and Venue2EX12A-1
  • Example 2-13: : Little League Application (Release)2EX13-1
  • Example 2-14: : The Answer2EX14-1
  • Example 2-15: : Defendant’s Demand for Bill of Particulars2EX15-1
  • Example 2-16: : Plaintiff’s Demand for Bill of Particulars2EX16-1
  • Example 2-16A: : Letter of Instruction to Client Regarding Bill of Particulars2EX16A-1
  • Example 2-16B: : Questionnaire for Client Regarding Bill of Particulars2EX16B-1
  • Example 2-17: : Defendant’s Motion to Preclude Plaintiff’s Evidence2EX17-1
  • Example 2-18: : Bill of Particulars2EX18-1
  • Example 2-19: : Request for Judicial Intervention2EX19-1
  • Example 2-20: : Request for Preliminary Conference2EX20-1
  • Example 2-21: : Affirmation of Good Faith for Preliminary Conference2EX21-1
  • Example 2-22: : Notice of a Medical Malpractice Action2EX22-1
  • Example 2-23: : Discovery Order2EX23-1
  • Example 2-24: : Physician’s Affidavit That Plaintiff Is Terminally Ill2EX24-1
  • Example 2-25: : Order Granting Motion to Perpetuate Plaintiff’s Testimony on Videotape2EX25-1
  • Example 2-26: : Letter Requesting Report of Examining Physician2EX26-1
  • Example 2-26A: : Request for Exchange of Reports of Examining Physicians2EX26A-1
  • Example 2-27: : Medical Report2EX27-1
  • Example 2-28: : Physician’s Affidavit2EX28-1
  • Example 2-29: : Marked Pleadings2EX29-1
  • Example 2-30: : Forms Used in the Office2EX30-1
  • Example 2-31: : Application for an Index Number2EX31-1
  • Example 2-32: : Summons2EX32-1
  • Example 2-33: : Note of Issue2EX33-1
  • Example 2-34: : Certificate of Readiness2EX34-1
  • Example 2-35: : Notice to Admit Genuineness of Paper or Document2EX35-1
  • Example 2-36: : Notice to Admit That a Photograph Is Correct or a Fair Representation2EX36-1
  • Example 2-37: : Notice to Admit the Truth of Facts2EX37-1
  • Example 2-38: : Statement in Reply to Request for Admission2EX38-1
  • 2A.1 : Definitions and Preliminary Distinctions2A-3
  • 2A.2 : The Forms for a Motion2A-4
    • 2A.2.1 : The Correct Form of Papers2A-4
    • 2A.2.2 : The Movant’s Forms2A-7
    • 2A.2.3 : The Respondent’s Forms2A-11
    • 2A.2.4 : The Prevailing Party’s and the Court’s Forms2A-12
    • 2A.2.5 : Practice Tips2A-13
  • 2A.3 : Procedures and Internal Time Limits2A-14
    • 2A.3.1 : The Reciprocal Time Limits2A-14
    • 2A.3.2 : The Methods of Service2A-17
    • 2A.3.3 : The Filing of the Motion with the Court2A-18
    • 2A.3.4 : The Court’s Determination of the Motion2A-19
  • 2A.4 : The Motions2A-20
    • 2A.4.1 : The Motion for Summary Judgment2A-21
      • 2A.4.1.1 : The Rhetorical Scheme2A-21
      • 2A.4.1.2 : The Statutory Scheme2A-24
    • 2A.4.2 : The Motion in Limine2A-26
  • Example 2A-1: : Uniform Notice of Motion2AEX1-1
  • Example 2A-2: : Notice of Motion2AEX2-1
  • Example 2A-3: : Affidavit of Service2AEX3-1
  • Example 2A-4: : Defendant’s Affirmation2AEX4-1
  • Example 2A-5: : Plaintiff’s Memorandum to Exclude Evidence2AEX5-1
  • Example 2A-6: : Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Opposition2AEX6-1
  • Example 2A-7: : Plaintiff’s Memorandum in Opposition2AEX7-1
  • Example 2A-8: : Physician’s Affidavit Supporting Defendants2AEX8-1
  • Example 2A-9: : Physician’s Affidavit Supporting the Plaintiff2AEX9-1
  • Example 2A-10: : Receipt for Index Number2AEX10-1
  • Example 2A-11: : Reply Affirmation2AEX11-1
  • Example 2A-12: : Plaintiff’s Affirmation in Opposition2AEX12-1
  • Example 2A-13: : Notice of Cross-Motion2AEX13-1
  • Example 2A-14: : Short Form Order (Generic)2AEX14-1
  • Example 2A-15: : Short Form Order (Kings Co.)2AEX15-1
  • Example 2A-16: : Memorandum Decision2AEX16-1
  • Example 2A-17: : Notice of Entry2AEX17-1
  • Example 2A-18: : Plaintiff’s Affirmation in Opposition2AEX18-1
  • Example 2A-19: : Letter Threatening a Motion in Limine2AEX19-1
  • Example 2A-20: : Memorandum Supporting a Motion in Limine2AEX20-1
  • Example 2A-21: : Internal Memorandum Opposing a Motion in Limine2AEX21-1
Chapter 3: The Course of the Trial: The Court's Control of the Trial; And Examples
  • 3.1 : The Court’s Pretrial Supervision of the Action3-2
    • 3.1.1 : The Individual Assignment System3-2
    • 3.1.2 : The Conferences3-4
    • 3.1.3 : Enforcing Compliance with Discovery3-5
  • 3.2 : Seizing the Opportunities to Persuade the Court3-9
  • 3.3 : Selecting the Jury: Starting to Persuade the Jurors3-13
    • 3.3.1 : Tactical Guidelines for Selecting a Jury3-14
    • 3.3.2 : Summary of the New Rules3-18
    • 3.3.3 : Opening Remarks to Prospective Jurors3-21
  • 3.4 : Neutrality of the Court3-25
  • 3.5 : The Presentation of Evidence3-27
  • 3.6 : Questions of Fact for the Jury3-29
    • 3.6.1 : The Jury’s Role3-29
    • 3.6.2 : Special Aids for the Jury3-31
  • 3.7 : The Roles Collide; the Directed Verdict3-34
  • Example 3-1: : Request for Judicial Intervention3EX1-1
  • Example 3-1A: : Trial Memorandum of Law3EX1A-1
  • Example 3-2: : Rules for Selecting the Jury (New York)3EX2-1
  • Example 3-3: : Civil Voir Dire Questionnaire3EX3-1
  • Example 3-4: : Outline of Remarks in Voir Dire3EX4-1
Chapter 4: The Course of the Trial: The Bifurcated Trial; And Examples
  • 4.1 : The Justification4-1
  • 4.2 : The Summary of the Rules4-2
  • 4.3 : When a Bifurcated Trial is Inappropriate4-3
  • 4.4 : The Simpler Verdict Sheets4-5
  • Example 4-1: : Special Verdict Form PJI 2:36 SV-II Bifurcated Trial (One Defendant)4EX1-1
  • Example 4-2: : Special Verdict Form PJI 2:36 SV-III Bifurcated Trial (Two Defendants)4EX2-1
Chapter 5: The Course of the Trial: The Opening Statement
  • 5.1 : Applying the Canons of Rhetoric5-1
  • 5.2 : Organizing the Opening Statement5-3
  • 5.3 : Particular Injunctions for Opening Statements5-5
    • 5.3.1 : Content5-5
    • 5.3.2 : Preparation and Delivery5-7
  • 5.4 : A Sample Opening Statement5-9
Chapter 6: The Course of the Trial--The Direct Case: Making a Prima Facie Case; And Examples
  • 6.1 : The Burden of Proof6-3
    • 6.1.1 : In General6-3
    • 6.1.2 : Variations in the Burden of Proof6-5
      • 6.1.2.1 : The Reduced Burden of Proof6-5
        • 6.1.2.1.1 : Amnesia6-6
        • 6.1.2.1.2 : Death6-6
      • 6.1.2.2 : The Increased Burden of Proof6-9
        • 6.1.2.2.1 : The Fireman’s Rule6-9
        • 6.1.2.2.2 : Emergency Vehicles6-10
          • 6.1.2.2.2.a : The Key in the Ignition6-10
          • 6.1.2.2.2.b : Reckless Disregard6-12
    • 6.1.3 : Duty6-16
      • 6.1.3.1 : Landowners6-17
        • 6.1.3.1.1 : The Plaintiff6-17
          • 6.1.3.1.1.a : Children6-17
          • 6.1.3.1.1.b : Buildings6-17
        • 6.1.3.1.2 : The Defendant6-18
          • 6.1.3.1.2.a : Buildings6-20
      • 6.1.3.2 : Municipalities6-21
        • 6.1.3.2.1 : The Plaintiff6-21
          • 6.1.3.2.1.a : Employees6-21
          • 6.1.3.2.1.b : Public Roadways6-21
          • 6.1.3.2.1.c : Public Safety6-22
        • 6.1.3.2.2 : The Defendant6-23
          • 6.1.3.2.2.a : Employees6-23
          • 6.1.3.2.2.b : Public Roadways6-23
          • 6.1.3.2.2.c : Public Safety6-24
      • 6.1.3.3 : Transportation6-25
        • 6.1.3.3.1 : The Plaintiff6-25
          • 6.1.3.3.1.a : Common Carriers6-25
          • 6.1.3.3.1.b : Funeral Processions6-25
        • 6.1.3.3.2 : The Defendant6-25
          • 6.1.3.3.2.a : Common Carriers6-25
      • 6.1.3.4 : The Practice of Medicine6-26
        • 6.1.3.4.1 : The Plaintiff6-26
          • 6.1.3.4.1.a : Pregnancy6-26
        • 6.1.3.4.2 : The Defendant6-26
          • 6.1.3.4.2.a : Pregnancy6-26
      • 6.1.3.5 : Miscellany6-27
        • 6.1.3.5.1 : The Plaintiff6-27
        • 6.1.3.5.2 : The Defendant6-27
          • 6.1.3.5.2.a : Suppliers6-27
    • 6.1.4 : Proximate Cause6-28
      • 6.1.4.1 : In General6-28
      • 6.1.4.2 : A Superseding or Intervening Cause6-28
      • 6.1.4.3 : Applications6-30
        • 6.1.4.3.1 : Actions for Negligence6-30
        • 6.1.4.3.2 : Actions for Medical Malpractice6-31
    • 6.1.5 : Actual or Constructive Notice6-32
      • 6.1.5.1 : The Necessity of Proving6-32
      • 6.1.5.2 : The Methods of Proving6-34
      • 6.1.5.3 : Special Requirement of Written Notice of Defect to the City of New York6-35
      • 6.1.5.4 : Illustrative Cases on Notice6-37
        • 6.1.5.4.1 : “Slip-and-Fall” Cases6-37
          • 6.1.5.4.1.a : The Plaintiff6-37
          • 6.1.5.4.1.b : The Defendant6-38
        • 6.1.5.4.2 : Mechanical Devices6-40
          • 6.1.5.4.2.a : The Plaintiff6-40
          • 6.1.5.4.2.b : The Defendant6-40
        • 6.1.5.4.3 : Robbery6-41
          • 6.1.5.4.3.a : The Defendant6-41
        • 6.1.5.4.4 : Falling Tree Limbs6-41
          • 6.1.5.4.4.a : The Defendant6-41
  • 6.2 : Indirect Means of Proving the Direct Case6-42
    • 6.2.1 : Evidence of Prior Conduct6-42
      • 6.2.1.1 : The Prior Conduct of a Party (Habit)6-42
      • 6.2.1.2 : Custom and Usage6-45
    • 6.2.2 : Repairs and Modifications After the Accident6-46
      • 6.2.2.1 : Actions for Negligence6-46
      • 6.2.2.2 : Actions in Strict Liability6-47
      • 6.2.2.3 : Feasibility6-48
    • 6.2.3 : The Violation of a Statute or Private Rule6-50
      • 6.2.3.1 : The Violation of a Statute6-50
        • 6.2.3.1.1 : The Proof of a Statute6-50
        • 6.2.3.1.2 : Liability6-50
          • 6.2.3.1.2.a : Negligence6-51
          • 6.2.3.1.2.b : Governmental Units6-51
          • 6.2.3.1.2.c : Infants6-52
        • 6.2.3.1.3 : Defenses6-53
      • 6.2.3.2 : The Violation of a Private Rule or Regulation6-54
    • 6.2.4 : Circumstantial Evidence6-55
      • 6.2.4.1 : In General6-55
      • 6.2.4.2 : Negative Evidence6-57
      • 6.2.4.3 : Representative Cases6-57
        • 6.2.4.3.1 : “Slip-and-Fall” Cases6-57
          • 6.2.4.3.1.a : The Plaintiff6-57
        • 6.2.4.3.2 : Motor Vehicle6-60
          • 6.2.4.3.2.a : The Plaintiff6-60
        • 6.2.4.3.3 : Mechanical Devices6-62
          • 6.2.4.3.3.a : The Plaintiff6-62
          • 6.2.4.3.3.b : The Defendant6-62
  • Example 6-1: : Cover Letter Regarding Pothole Records6EX1-1
  • Example 6-2: : Written Notice of Defect6EX2-1
Chapter 7: The Course of the Trial: Recoverable Damages and Complicated Judgments; And Examples
  • 7.1 : Recoverable Damages for Causes of Action7-3
    • 7.1.1 : Damages for Personal Injury7-3
      • 7.1.1.1 : Pain and Suffering7-3
      • 7.1.1.2 : Emotional Injury7-13
        • 7.1.1.2.1 : Preliminary Distinctions7-13
        • 7.1.1.2.2 : The Situations7-15
      • 7.1.1.3 : Surprise Pregnancy7-26
      • 7.1.1.4 : Loss of Income7-27
        • 7.1.1.4.1 : In General7-27
        • 7.1.1.4.2 : Expectations7-28
        • 7.1.1.4.3 : Income Taxes7-29
      • 7.1.1.5 : Medical Expenses7-30
      • 7.1.1.6 : Brief Note on Estimation of Damages7-35
    • 7.1.2 : Loss of Services7-37
    • 7.1.3 : Wrongful Death7-38
      • 7.1.3.1 : The Elements7-38
      • 7.1.3.2 : The Damages7-39
      • 7.1.3.3 : Expert Testimony7-43
      • 7.1.3.4 : Surviving Actions7-43
    • 7.1.4 : Damage to Property7-44
  • 7.2 : The New Complicated Judgments7-45
    • 7.2.1 : Special Verdicts, General Verdicts with Interrogatories, and Itemized Verdicts7-46
    • 7.2.2 : The Reduction in Lieu of Taxes on Lost Earnings in an Action for Medical Malpractice7-49
    • 7.2.3 : The Reduction for Payment from a Collateral Source7-49
    • 7.2.4 : The Reduction for a Payment by a Co-Tortfeasor7-50
    • 7.2.5 : The Calculation of the Periodic Payments7-53
      • 7.2.5.1 : The Old New Scheme7-53
      • 7.2.5.2 : The New New Scheme7-56
  • Example 7-1: : Ad Damnum Clauses for Conscious Pain and Suffering7EX1-1
  • Example 7-2: : Memorandum on J.C.A.H.O.’s Standards Regarding Pain7EX2-1
  • Example 7-3: : Summary of Principles in Pain Management7EX3-1
  • Example 7-4: : McGill Pain Questionnaire7EX4-1
  • Example 7-5: : Pain Flow Sheet7EX5-1
  • Example 7-6: : Evidence of Pain and Suffering Checklist7EX6-1
  • Example 7-7: : Nurse’s Checklist of Pain and Suffering Evidence7EX7-1
  • Example 7-8: : Comparison of Pain Scores7EX8-1
  • Example 7-9: : Descriptions Characteristic of Clinical Pain Syndromes7EX9-1
  • Example 7-10: : Synthesis of Conscious Pain and Suffering7EX10-1
  • Example 7-11: : Resources for Pain Professionals7EX11-1
  • Example 7-12: : Resources for Persons with Pain7EX12-1
  • Example 7-13: : Bibliography on Pain7EX13-1
  • Example 7-14: : Table of Chest Pain7EX14-1
  • Example 7-15: : Graph of Causal Links to Chest Pain7EX15-1
  • Example 7-16: : Summary of Records Used to Demonstrate Pain and Suffering7EX16-1
  • Example 7-16A: : I.R.S. Form 4506 Request for Copy of Tax Return7EX16A-1
  • Example 7-16B: : I.R.S. Form 4506-T Request for Transcript of Tax Return7EX16B-1
  • Example 7-16C: : Attending Dentist’s Statement7EX16C-1
  • Example 7-17: : Ten Mistakes Plaintiffs’ Economists Make7EX17-1
  • Example 7-18: : Verdict Search7EX18-1
  • Example 7-19: : Life Expectancy Chart7EX19-1
  • Example 7-20: : Family Record Sheet7EX20-1
  • Example 7-21: : Pedigree Chart7EX21-1
  • Example 7-21A: : General Price List from Funeral Home7EX21A-1
  • Example 7-21B: : Funeral Bill7EX21B-1
  • Example 7-21C: : Pre-Need Itemization Statement7EX21C-1
  • Example 7-21D: : Pre-Need Agreement7EX21D-1
  • Example 7-21E: : Special Verdict Form PJI 2:301 SV-I Personal Injury (Damages)7EX21E-1
  • Example 7-22: : Verdict Sheet (Failure to Diagnose)7EX22-1
  • Example 7-23: : Verdict Sheet (Negligent Mishandling of Remains)7EX23-1
  • Example 7-23A: : Verdict Sheet (Swimming Pool Accident on School Trip)7EX23A-1
  • Example 7-23B: : Special Verdict Form PJI 2:151A(1) SV-I (Medical Malpractice before July 26, 2003)7EX23B-1
  • Example 7-24: : Judgment (Negligent Mishandling of Remains)7EX24-1
  • Example 7-25: : The Judgment7EX25-1
  • Example 7-26: : Judgment (Medical Malpractice by Hospital)7EX26-1
  • Example 7-27: : Judgment (Swimming Pool Accident on School Trip)7EX27-1
  • Example 7-28: : Special Verdict Form PJI 2:151A(2) SV-II (Medical Malpractice on or after July 26, 2003)7EX28-1
Chapter 8: The Course of the Trial: The Court's Charge to the Jury; And Examples
  • 8.1 : The Court’s Responsibility to Charge the Jury8-1
    • 8.1.1 : In General8-1
    • 8.1.2 : Tailoring the Charge8-2
    • 8.1.3 : Accuracy8-4
    • 8.1.4 : Impartiality8-6
    • 8.1.5 : Answering the Jury’s Questions8-6
    • 8.1.6 : Pattern Jury Instructions8-7
  • 8.2 : Requests to Charge8-8
  • 8.3 : Representative Charges8-11
    • 8.3.1 : The Violation of a Statute8-12
    • 8.3.2 : The Doctrine of Emergency8-12
    • 8.3.3 : Failing to Call a Witness Within a Party’s Control8-13
      • 8.3.3.1 : The Charge8-14
      • 8.3.3.2 : The Prerequisites in General8-16
      • 8.3.3.3 : Giving the Charge8-18
      • 8.3.3.4 : Declining to Charge8-19
  • Example 8-1: : Pattern Jury Instructions in an Action for Negligence8EX1-1
  • Example 8-2: : Requests to Charge in an Action for Personal Injury (Slip and Fall)8EX2-1
  • Example 8-3: : Requests to Charge in an Action for Personal Injury (Automobile Accident)8EX3-1
  • Example 8-4: : Requests to Charge in an Action for Personal Injury (Swimming Accident on School Trip)8EX4-1
  • Example 8-5: : Requests to Charge in an Action for Medical Malpractice8EX5-1
Chapter 9: The Course of the Trial: The Summation; And Examples; And Chapter 9A: Summary Jury Trials; And Examples
  • 9.1 : Determining the Content9-2
  • 9.2 : Organizing the Summation9-3
    • 9.2.1 : In General9-3
    • 9.2.2 : Damages9-6
    • 9.2.3 : The Defendant9-6
    • 9.2.4 : Practice9-7
  • 9.3 : Avoiding Impermissible Remarks9-8
    • 9.3.1 : Inflammatory Language9-9
    • 9.3.2 : A Unit of Time as the Measure of Damages for Pain and Suffering9-11
    • 9.3.3 : Suggesting a Dollar Amount in an Action for Medical Malpractice9-11
  • 9.4 : A Sample Summation9-16
    • 9.4.1 : The Causes of Action9-16
    • 9.4.2 : Contrast with the Opening Statement9-17
    • 9.4.3 : Principles Illustrated by the Sample9-17
    • 9.4.4 : The Sample Summation9-22
  • Example 9-1: : Notes Juxtaposing the Examinations9-71
  • Example 9-2: : Flow Sheet of Contentions, Evidence, and Refutation9-72
  • Example 9-3: : Outline for Summation9-73
  • 9A.1 : Introduction9A-4
    • 9A.1.1 : Definition and Description9A-4
    • 9A.1.2 : Prevalence and Intended Advantages9A-7
  • 9A.2 : Suitable and Unsuitable Cases9A-11
  • 9A.3 : Procedure9A-13
    • 9A.3.1 : Pretrial Procedure9A-14
    • 9A.3.2 : Trial, Per Se9A-17
    • 9A.3.3 : Deliberations9A-22
    • 9A.3.4 : Post-Trial Procedure9A-23
    • 9A.3.5 : Possible Changes in Procedure9A-25
    • 9A.3.6 : Further Developments in New York9A-25
    • 9A.3.7 : Complete Set of Forms9A-30
      • 9A.3.7.1 : Bronx County Forms9A-31
      • 9A.3.7.2 : New York County Forms9A-32
  • 9A.4 : Trial Attorney’s Adaptations9A-34
    • 9A.4.1 : General Observations9A-34
    • 9A.4.2 : Use of Evidence9A-35
      • 9A.4.2.1 : In General9A-35
      • 9A.4.2.2 : Presentation of Documentary Evidence9A-37
    • 9A.4.4 : Summation9A-38
  • 9A.5 : Sample Summary Jury Trial9A-40
    • 9A.5.1 : Introduction9A-40
    • 9A.5.2 : Transcript of Sample Summary Jury Trial9A-44
  • 9A.6 : Sample Appeal from a Summary Jury Trial9A-237
    • 9A.6.1 : Background9A-237
    • 9A.6.2 : Reproduction of Procedural Parts of the Record9A-239
      • 9A.6.2.1 : Selections from the Record on Appeal9A-243
      • 9A.6.2.2 : The Briefs9A-309
        • 9A.6.2.2.1 : The Brief of the Defendants-Appellants9A-309
        • 9A.6.2.2.2 : The Brief of the Plaintiff-Respondent9A-367
        • 9A.6.2.2.3 : The Reply Brief of the Defendants-Appellants9A-388
      • 9A.6.2.3 : The Decision of the Appellate Division9A-412
  • Example 9A-1: : Article in the Jury Pool News9AEX1-1
  • Example 9A-2: : Program Manual (Third Edition)9AEX2-1
  • Example 9A-3: : Stipulation of Binding S.J.T. (Blank)9AEX3-1
  • Example 9A-4: : Stipulation of Binding S.J.T. (Executed)9AEX4-1
  • Example 9A-5: : Stipulation of Binding S.J.T. with Maximum and Minimum Judgments9AEX5-1
  • Example 9A-6: : Additional Provisions for Stipulations9AEX6-1
  • Example 9A-7: : Notice of Binding S.J.T.9AEX7-1
  • Example 9A-8: : Specific Questions for the Voir Dire of an Action for Negligence9AEX8-1
  • Example 9A-8A: : Seating Chart (Chautauqua County)9AEX8A-1
  • Example 9A-8B: : Affidavit of the Accuracy of the Medical Chronology9AEX8B-1
  • Example 9A-8C: : Affidavit of the Accuracy of the Pain and Suffering Evidence Summary9AEX8C-1
  • Example 9A-9: : Verdict Sheet9AEX9-1
  • Example 9A-9A: : Verdict Sheet (Automobile Accident) (Chautauqua County)9AEX9A-1
  • Example 9A-10: : Attorney’s Questionnaire9AEX10-1
  • Example 9A-11: : Supplemental Juror Questionnaire9AEX11-1
  • Example 9A-12: : Decision and Order: Conroe v. Barmore-Sellstrom, Inc.9AEX12-1
  • Example 9A-13: : Judgment with Costs and Disbursements: Conroe v. Barmore-Sellstrom, Inc.9AEX13-1
  • Example 9A-14: : Notice of Appeal: Conroe v. Barmore-Sellstrom, Inc.9AEX14-1
  • Example 9A-15: : Appellate Decision: Conroe v. Barmore-Sellstrom, Inc. (4th Dep’t)9AEX15-1
  • Example 9A-16: : Summary Jury Trial Program9AEX16-1
  • Example 9A-17: : S.J.T. Rules, Ulster County9AEX17-1
  • Example 9A-18: : S.J.T. Rules for Cases Assigned to the Hon. Matthew A. Rosenbaum (Monroe County)9AEX18-1
  • Example 9A-19: : Summary Jury Trial Program, Information Sheet (Bronx)9AEX19-1
  • Example 9A-20: : The Summary Jury Trial Process: Bronx Rules and Procedure9AEX20-1
  • Example 9A-20A: : Statement of Summary Jury Trial Procedures (New York County)9AEX20A-1
  • Example 9A-20B: : Summary Jury Trial Program, Information Sheet (Kings County)9AEX20B-1
  • Example 9A-20C: : Summary Jury Trial Process: Kings County Rules and Procedure9AEX20C-1
  • Example 9A-21: : Transfer Agreement (Bronx)9AEX21-1
  • Example 9A-21A: : Outline of Evidentiary Order (Bronx)9AEX21A-1
  • Example 9A-21B: : Summary Jury Trial Evidentiary Order (Bronx)9AEX21B-1
  • Example 9A-21C: : Statement of Stipulated or Uncontested Facts (Bronx)9AEX21C-1
  • Example 9A-21D: : Waiver of Claims (Bronx)9AEX21D-1
  • Example 9A-21E: : Statement of Contested Issues of Fact and Law (Bronx)9AEX21E-1
  • Example 9A-21F: : Plaintiff’s List of Witnesses (Bronx)9AEX21F-1
  • Example 9A-21G: : Plaintiff’s List of Documents, Photographs, and Other Exhibits (Bronx)9AEX21G-1
  • Example 9A-21H: : Plaintiff’s List of Medical Records and Medical Reports (Bronx)9AEX21H-1
  • Example 9A-21I: : Plaintiff’s Itemized Statement of All Special Damages (Bronx)9AEX21I-1
  • Example 9A-21J: : Summary Jury Trial Pre-Trial Order (New York County)9AEX21J-1
  • Example 9A-21K: : Summary Jury Trial Stipulation (New York County)9AEX21K-1
  • Example 9A-21L: : Statement of Stipulated or Uncontested Facts (New York County)9AEX21L-1
  • Example 9A-21M: : Waiver of Claims and Defenses (New York County)9AEX21M-1
  • Example 9A-21N: : Statement of Contested Issues of Fact and Law (General) (New York County)9AEX21N-1
  • Example 9A-21O: : Statement of Contested Issues of Fact and Law (Motor Vehicle Case) (New York County)9AEX21O-1
  • Example 9A-21P: : Plaintiff’s List of Witnesses (New York County)9AEX21P-1
  • Example 9A-21Q: : Plaintiff’s List of Exhibits, Documents, and Photographs (New York County)9AEX21Q-1
  • Example 9A-21R: : Plaintiff’s List of Medical Records and Reports (With Expert Identification) (New York County)9AEX21R-1
  • Example 9A-21S: : Plaintiff’s Itemized Statement of All Special Damages (New York County)9AEX21S-1
  • Example 9A-22: : The Bronx Experience9AEX22-1
  • Example 9A-22A: : Summary Jury Trial Program: Information Sheet (Suffolk County)9AEX22A-1
  • Example 9A-22B: : Summary Jury Trial Part: Suffolk County Rules and Procedures9AEX22B-1
  • Example 9A-22C: : Stipulation and Order to Transfer Action to Binding Summary Jury Trial Part C (Suffolk County)9AEX22C-1
  • Example 9A-23: : M.R.R.S. Adaptation of Services for an S.J.T.9AEX23-1
  • Example 9A-23A: : Simplified Medical Chronology for Summary Jury Trial9AEX23A-1
  • Example 9A-24: : Form for Practicing and Delivering the Summation9AEX24-1
  • Example 9A-25: : Ordering Videotapes of Championship Rounds9AEX25-1
  • Example 9A-26: : Bibliography on Summary Jury Trials9AEX26-1
Chapter 10: The Testimony of Witnesses and Demonstrative Evidence: Presenting Witnesses
  • 10.1 : Excluding the Witnesses from the Courtroom10-1
    • 10.1.1 : A Witness Who Is Not a Party10-1
    • 10.1.2 : A Witness Who Is a Party10-2
  • 10.2 : Swearing the Witnesses10-4
  • 10.3 : Preliminary Requirements Governing Testimony and Documents10-5
    • 10.3.1 : Relevant and Material10-6
    • 10.3.2 : The Best Evidence Rule10-7
    • 10.3.3 : Self-Serving Declarations10-9
    • 10.3.4 : Objections10-10
Chapter 11: The Testimony of Witnesses and Demonstrative Evidence: The Competence of Witnesses to Testify
  • 11.1 : The Definition of Competence11-1
  • 11.2 : Privileged Communications11-4
    • 11.2.1 : The Attorney-Client Privilege11-5
    • 11.2.2 : The Physician-Patient Privilege11-7
      • 11.2.2.1 : The General Statement of the Rule11-7
      • 11.2.2.2 : The Necessary Relationship11-8
      • 11.2.2.3 : The Communication Was Necessary for Treatment11-8
      • 11.2.2.4 : A Waiver of the Privilege11-9
      • 11.2.2.5 : A Deceased Party11-11
  • 11.3 : The Dead Man’s Statute11-13
    • 11.3.1 : The Rule11-13
    • 11.3.2 : Circumventing the Rule11-14
Chapter 12: The Testimony of Witnesses and Demonstrative Evidence: Using Lay Witnesses to Establish the Direct Case; And Example
  • 12.1 : Introduction12-1
  • 12.2 : Examining the Witness by Using Leading Questions12-2
    • 12.2.1 : The General Rule12-2
    • 12.2.2 : Leading Questions to a Defendant Called by the Plaintiff12-4
  • 12.3 : Allowing the Lay Witness to Express an Opinion12-5
    • 12.3.1 : The General Rule12-5
    • 12.3.2 : The Allowable Testimony12-6
    • 12.3.3 : The Opinion of a Party12-8
  • 12.4 : Refreshing the Witness’s Recollection12-9
  • 12.5 : Introducing a Witness’s Past Recollection Recorded12-11
  • 12.6 : Combining a Refreshed Recollection with a Past Recollection Recorded12-14
  • Example 12-1: : Refreshing Recollection and Past Recollection Recorded12-17
Chapter 13: The Testimony of Witnesses and Demonstrative Evidence: Using Expert Witnesses to Establish the Direct Case; And Examples
  • 13.1 : The Qualifications of an Expert Witness13-1
  • 13.2 : The Cases in which Expert Testimony Is Required or Allowed13-3
  • 13.3 : The Issues on which Expert Testimony Is Relevant13-6
    • 13.3.1 : Representative Issues13-6
      • 13.3.1.1 : Motor Vehicles13-6
      • 13.3.1.2 : “Slip and Fall” Cases13-7
      • 13.3.1.3 : Other Construction13-8
      • 13.3.1.4 : Medical Malpractice13-8
      • 13.3.1.5 : Other Personal Injuries13-9
      • 13.3.1.6 : Miscellany13-9
    • 13.3.2 : Custom and Usage13-10
    • 13.3.3 : Limitations13-11
  • 13.4 : The Basis of the Expert’s Opinion13-12
    • 13.4.1 : The General Rule13-12
    • 13.4.2 : Speculation and Certainty13-14
    • 13.4.3 : Hypothetical Questions13-16
  • 13.5 : The Use of Medical Experts as Witnesses13-17
    • 13.5.1 : Liability in an Action for Medical Malpractice13-18
      • 13.5.1.1 : Who Is an Expert13-20
      • 13.5.1.2 : The Defendant as the Plaintiff’s Expert13-21
    • 13.5.2 : The Plaintiff’s Injuries in an Action for Negligence13-22
      • 13.5.2.1 : The Presentation of Expert Medical Testimony13-22
      • 13.5.2.2 : Proximate Cause and the Phrasing of the Expert’s Testimony13-24
      • 13.5.2.3 : The Future Consequences of the Injury13-25
  • 13.6 : Discovering the Identity of the Opposing Party’s Expert13-26
  • 13.7 : Using the Opposing Party’s Expert13-28
    • 13.7.1 : Retaining an Expert Consulted by the Opposing Party13-28
    • 13.7.2 : Using the Substance of an Expert’s Report13-29
  • Example 13-1: : Demand for Expert Witness Information13-31
  • Example 13-2: : Paragraph Demanding Information Regarding Experts13-33
  • Example 13-3: : Response to Demand for Expert Witness Information13-34
  • Example 13-4: : Further Response to Demand for Expert Witness Information13-36
Chapter 14: The Testimony of Witnesses and Demonstrative Evidence: Impeaching and Rehabilitating a Witness with Prior Statements
  • 14.1 : Contradicting Your Own Witness14-1
  • 14.2 : Impeaching Your Own Witness14-2
    • 14.2.1 : Impeaching a Witness Who Is Not a Party14-2
    • 14.2.2 : Impeaching a Witness Who Is an Adverse Party14-4
  • 14.3 : Rehabilitating Your Own Witness After the Charge of a Recent Fabrication14-5
    • 14.3.1 : In General14-5
    • 14.3.2 : Rehabilitating the Witness Who Is Not a Party14-7
    • 14.3.3 : Rehabilitating the Witness Who Is a Party14-8
    • 14.3.4 : Caveats14-9
Chapter 15: The Testimony of Witnesses and Demonstrative Evidence: Cross-Examination; And Examples
  • 15.1 : The General Rules15-1
    • 15.1.1 : The Purposes of Cross-Examination15-1
    • 15.1.2 : Collateral Matters15-2
    • 15.1.3 : Calling and Cross-Examining the Adverse Party, his Physician, or his Expert in an Action for Medical Malpractice15-4
    • 15.1.4 : The Methods of Impeaching the Credibility of the Opposing Party’s Witnesses15-9
  • 15.2 : The Witness Has Made a Prior Inconsistent Statement15-10
    • 15.2.1 : An Unsworn Oral Statement15-10
    • 15.2.2 : A Signed Writing15-12
    • 15.2.3 : Testimony15-13
  • 15.3 : The Witness Has Been Convicted of a Crime15-13
    • 15.3.1 : The Rule15-13
    • 15.3.2 : The Crime15-14
    • 15.3.3 : The Procedure15-15
    • 15.3.4 : When the Witness Is a Party15-16
  • 15.4 : The Witness has Committed an Immoral, Vicious, or Criminal Act15-17
  • 15.5 : The Witness Is Biased, Hostile, or Interested in the Outcome15-19
  • 15.6 : The Witness Has A Bad Reputation for Truth and Veracity15-21
  • 15.7 : Extrinsic Documents Contradict the Witness15-22
    • 15.7.1 : Learned Treatises15-22
      • 15.7.1.1 : Definitions15-23
      • 15.7.1.2 : Specific Purposes15-24
      • 15.7.1.3 : Preparation15-25
      • 15.7.1.4 : Use During Cross-Examination15-30
      • 15.7.1.5 : The Results15-31
      • 15.7.1.6 : The Summation15-32
    • 15.7.2 : Counter-Hypothetical Questions15-32
      • 15.7.2.1 : The Definitions15-33
      • 15.7.2.2 : Preparation15-33
      • 15.7.2.3 : Using the Question15-34
      • 15.7.2.4 : The Answer15-36
      • 15.7.2.5 : Using the Answer15-36
    • 15.7.3 : Public Documents15-37
      • 15.7.3.1 : The Definitions15-37
      • 15.7.3.2 : Preparation15-37
      • 15.7.3.3 : Admission15-38
      • 15.7.3.4 : Content and Effect15-42
      • 15.7.3.5 : Use During Cross-Examination15-44
    • 15.7.4 : Published Documents15-44
      • 15.7.4.1 : Definition15-45
      • 15.7.4.2 : Admission15-45
      • 15.7.4.3 : Content and Effect15-46
      • 15.7.4.4 : Use During Cross-Examination15-47
    • 15.7.5 : Summary15-48
  • Example 15-1: : Adoption of Learned Treatise (Appellate Brief)15-49
  • Example 15-2: : Refusal to Recognize Text as Authoritative (Transcript)15-56
  • Example 15-3: : Letter of Introduction (M.R.R.S.)15-71
  • Example 15-4: : Compilation of Citations from the Authoritative Literature15-72
  • Example 15-4A: : Time Map of Significant Medical Events (M.R.R.S.)15-77
  • Example 15-5: : New York State Jury Verdict Review and Analysis15-82
  • Example 15-6: : Objection to Allowing Cross-Examiner to Read From Textbook (Appellate Brief)15-85
  • Example 15-7: : Objection to Refusing to Allow Cross-Examiner to Read from Textbook (Appellate Brief)15-97
  • Example 15-8: : Local Climatological Data (NOAA)15-107
Chapter 16: The Testimony of Witnesses and Demonstrative Evidence: Demonstrative Evidence; And Examples
  • 16.1 : Photographs16-1
    • 16.1.1 : The General Rule16-1
    • 16.1.2 : Posed Photographs of the Scene16-3
    • 16.1.3 : Photographs of Injuries16-3
    • 16.1.4 : Photographs to Prove Notice16-4
  • 16.2 : Movies, Videotapes, and Tape Recordings16-7
    • 16.2.1 : Admissibility16-7
    • 16.2.2 : Discovery16-9
  • 16.3 : Diagrams, Models, Anatomical Exhibits, and Demonstrations16-12
    • 16.3.1 : Using a Certified Medical Illustrator16-14
  • 16.4 : X-Rays and Blood Samples16-16
    • 16.4.1 : X-Rays16-16
    • 16.4.2 : Blood Samples16-17
  • 16.5 : Inspection of the Premises16-18
  • 16.6 : Hospital and Repair Bills16-19
  • Example 16-1: : Demand for Photograph16EX1-1
  • Example 16-2: : Staged Photo of Scene of Accident16EX2-1
  • Example 16-3: : Photograph of Patient’s Injuries16EX3-1
  • Example 16-4: : Photograph Establishing Notice16EX4-1
  • Example 16-5: : Map16EX5-1
  • Example 16-6: : Expert Witness Information Regarding Certified Medical Illustrator16EX6-1
  • Example 16-7: : The Value-Added Medical Communication Consultant—Creating and Communicating Medical Demonstrative Evidence16EX7-1
  • Example 16-8: : Questions for Hiring a Certified Medical Illustrator16EX8-1
  • Example 16-9: : Results of Blood Tests16EX9-1
  • Example 16-10: : Certified Hospital Bill16EX10-1
Chapter 17: The Substitutes for Testimony: Hearsay; And Examples
  • 17.1 : The Hearsay Rule17-1
  • 17.2 : Records Kept in the Ordinary Course of Business17-3
    • 17.2.1 : The General Rule17-3
    • 17.2.2 : Police and Accident Reports17-4
    • 17.2.3 : Reports of Governmental Agencies17-9
    • 17.2.4 : Hospital Records17-10
      • 17.2.4.1 : The Statutory Rule17-10
      • 17.2.4.2 : The Distinction Between Actions for Negligence and Those for Medical Malpractice17-11
      • 17.2.4.3 : An Admission Against Interest17-13
    • 17.2.5 : Consumption of Alcohol as Reported in a Hospital Record17-14
    • 17.2.6 : The Doctor’s Records17-17
      • 17.2.6.1 : The Records of the Treating Physician17-17
      • 17.2.6.2 : The Testimony of Examining and Treating Physicians17-17
  • 17.3 : Official Certificates as Business Records17-19
    • 17.3.1 : A Death Certificate17-19
    • 17.3.2 : An Autopsy Report17-20
    • 17.3.3 : A Marriage Certificate17-21
    • 17.3.4 : A Weather Report17-21
  • 17.4 : Admissions Against Interest17-22
    • 17.4.1 : The Rule17-22
    • 17.4.2 : Admissions in Automobile Accidents17-23
    • 17.4.3 : Admissions by Agents17-24
    • 17.4.4 : Special Instances that May Constitute Admissions Against Interest17-25
      • 17.4.4.1 : Pleadings and Auxiliary Documents17-25
      • 17.4.4.2 : Conduct17-26
    • 17.4.5 : Special Instances that Do Not Constitute Admissions Against Interest17-27
      • 17.4.5.1 : Silence17-27
      • 17.4.5.2 : Negotiations for a Settlement17-27
  • 17.5 : Res Gestae17-28
    • 17.5.1 : The True Exceptions17-29
      • 17.5.1.1 : Excited Utterances17-29
      • 17.5.1.2 : Declarations of Present Bodily Condition17-32
      • 17.5.1.3 : Declarations of Present Sense Impression17-32
    • 17.5.2 : The Apparent Exception17-34
      • 17.5.2.1 : Declarations of Present Mental State17-34
  • 17.6 : Testimony and Declarations from Witnesses Who Are Unavailable17-36
    • 17.6.1 : The Admission of Former Testimony17-36
    • 17.6.2 : The Admission of a Declaration Against the Interest of a Non-Party17-39
    • 17.6.3 : A Dying Declaration Is Inadmissible17-41
  • Example 17-1: : Crime and Incident Report17-42
  • Example 17-2: : Ambulance Report17-43
  • Example 17-3: : Instructions for Admission Assessment Form17-44
  • Example 17-4: : Adult Admissions Note17-46
  • Example 17-5: : Specialty Overprint17-48
  • Example 17-6: : Death Certificate17-49
  • Example 17-7: : Report of Autopsy17-50
  • Example 17-8: : Certificate of Marriage Registration17-58
Chapter 18: The Substitutes for Testimony: Depositions; And Examples
  • 18.1 : Introduction18-1
    • 18.1.1 : The Trial Court’s Authority18-1
    • 18.1.2 : The Substitution of Parties or Actions18-2
  • 18.2 : The Creation of the Deposition18-3
    • 18.2.1 : The Initiation of the Examination Before Trial18-3
    • 18.2.2 : The Conduct of the Examination Before Trial18-8
      • 18.2.2.1 : The Participants18-9
      • 18.2.2.2 : The Preliminary Procedures18-9
      • 18.2.2.3 : The Continuing Procedures18-11
        • 18.2.2.3.1 : Questions18-11
        • 18.2.2.3.2 : Answers18-13
        • 18.2.2.3.3 : Objections18-16
    • 18.2.3 : The Resolution of the Examination Before Trial18-18
      • 18.2.3.1 : Drafting the E.B.T. Report18-18
      • 18.2.3.2 : Producing the Transcript18-19
      • 18.2.3.3 : Handling the Exhibits18-21
      • 18.2.3.4 : Analyzing and Synthesizing the Testimony18-22
  • 18.3 : The Specific Rules Allowing a Party to Introduce a Deposition18-23
    • 18.3.1 : Impeaching a Witness18-23
    • 18.3.2 : An Admission Against Interest18-24
    • 18.3.3 : Substituting the Deposition for an Unavailable Witness18-26
    • 18.3.4 : Substituting the Deposition for the Oral Testimony of Someone Authorized to Practice Medicine18-27
  • 18.4 : The Effects of Using a Deposition18-29
    • 18.4.1 : Adopting the Deponent as the Party’s Witness18-29
    • 18.4.2 : Reading Only Part of a Deposition18-30
  • Example 18-1: : Motion to Substitute Party18-32
  • Example 18-2: : Log of Document Demanded18-37
  • Example 18-3: : Notice to Take Deposition Upon Oral Examination18-38
  • Example 18-4: : Sample Pages from Deposition18-40
  • Example 18-5: : Lewis v. Brunswick Hospital18-45
  • Example 18-6: : Correction Sheet18-51
  • Example 18-7: : Index of Deposition18-52
  • Example 18-8: : E.B.T. Digest18-54
  • Example 18-9: : Reading of a Deposition18-58
Chapter 19: The Substitutes for Testimony: Judicial Notice
  • 19.1 : Introduction19-1
  • 19.2 : Judicial Notice of the Law19-2
    • 19.2.1 : The Statutory Scheme19-2
    • 19.2.2 : Pleading the Foreign Law in a Timely Manner19-3
    • 19.2.3 : Evidence of the Law19-4
  • 19.3 : Judicial Notice of Facts19-6
    • 19.3.1 : The Common Law Rule19-6
    • 19.3.2 : Examples of the Proper Judicial Notice of a Fact19-6
      • 19.3.2.1 : Transportation19-7
        • 19.3.2.1.1 : Pedestrians19-7
        • 19.3.2.1.2 : Common Carriers19-7
        • 19.3.2.1.3 : Motor Vehicles19-7
      • 19.3.2.2 : Medical Phenomena19-8
      • 19.3.2.3 : Geographical and Astronomical Phenomena19-8
      • 19.3.2.4 : “Slip-and-Fall” Cases19-8
      • 19.3.2.5 : Infants19-9
    • 19.3.3 : An Example of an Improper Taking of Judicial Notice19-10
Chapter 20: The Substitutes for Testimony: Res Ipsa Loquitur
  • 20.1 : The Rule20-1
    • 20.1.1 : The General Statement20-1
    • 20.1.2 : Res Ipsa in the Alternative20-6
  • 20.2 : The Application of Res Ipsa Loquitur to the Issues of Particular Kinds of Cases20-7
    • 20.2.1 : The First Element: Characterization of the Event in an Action for Medical Malpractice20-7
    • 20.2.2 : The Second Element: Exclusive Control in an Action for Negligence20-8
    • 20.2.3 : The Third Element: The Plaintiff’s Voluntary Act Did Not Cause the Event20-10
  • 20.3 : Representative Cases Involving Res Ipsa Loquitur20-12
    • 20.3.1 : Negligence20-12
      • 20.3.1.1 : Transportation20-12
        • 20.3.1.1.1 : Motor Vehicles20-12
        • 20.3.1.1.2 : Common Carriers20-13
        • 20.3.1.1.3 : Elevators20-14
        • 20.3.1.1.4 : Escalators20-15
        • 20.3.1.1.5 : Chair Lifts20-16
      • 20.3.1.2 : Falling Objects20-16
      • 20.3.1.3 : Slip and Fall20-17
      • 20.3.1.4 : Miscellany20-18
        • 20.3.1.4.1 : Hot Water20-18
        • 20.3.1.4.2 : Exploding Bottles20-18
        • 20.3.1.4.3 : Windows20-19
        • 20.3.1.4.4 : Swimming20-19
        • 20.3.1.4.5 : Faucets20-19
        • 20.3.1.4.6 : Leaks20-20
    • 20.3.2 : Medical Malpractice20-20
      • 20.3.2.1 : Foreign Objects20-20
      • 20.3.2.2 : Related Injuries20-20
      • 20.3.2.3 : Unrelated Injuries20-21
      • 20.3.2.4 : Childbirth20-21
      • 20.3.2.5 : Personal Injury in a Medical Facility20-21
  • 20.4 : Building a Case for Res Ipsa Loquitur20-22
    • 20.4.1 : Establishing Three Elements of Res Ipsa Loquitur20-22
    • 20.4.2 : Reasoning from an Inference upon an Inference20-23
    • 20.4.3 : Requesting a Charge of Res Ipsa Loquitur20-25
  • Example 20-1: : Charge to the Jury on Res Ipsa Loquitur20-27
Chapter 21: The Substitutes for Testimony: Presumptions
  • 21.1 : The Burden of Proof: The Grand Presumption21-2
    • 21.1.1 : The Definition21-2
    • 21.1.2 : Rhetorical Basis for the Burden of Proof21-3
    • 21.1.3 : Adaptations by the Law21-6
  • 21.2 : The Presumptions21-10
    • 21.2.1 : Definitions21-10
      • 21.2.1.1 : Definition of a True Presumption21-10
      • 21.2.1.2 : Other Meanings of Presumption21-14
    • 21.2.2 : Sample Presumptions for Actions in Negligence21-18
      • 21.2.2.1 : Presumptions Arising from the Incident21-18
      • 21.2.2.2 : Presumptions Arising from the Proceedings21-22
    • 21.2.3 : Coping with Presumptions21-25
      • 21.2.3.1 : Rhetorical Use of Presumptions21-25
      • 21.2.3.2 : Integrating Presumptions with Trial Preparation21-27
    • 21.2.4 : Note on the Persistence Issue21-28
Chapter 22: Appeals; And Examples
  • 22.1 : The Definitions and Preliminary Distinctions22-2
  • 22.2 : Preserving the Issues for an Appeal22-13
  • 22.3 : Standards of Decision in an Appeal22-33
    • 22.3.1 : Rules Restricting the Court’s Purview22-34
    • 22.3.2 : Standards of Decision for Questions of Law, Per Se22-37
    • 22.3.3 : Standards of Decision for Quasi-Questions of Fact22-42
    • 22.3.4 : Standards of Decision for Damages22-47
  • Example 22-1: : Notice of Appeal22-57
  • Example 22-2: : Judicial Review of Damages (Sample Pages)22-59
Chapter 23: Appendix A: Bibliographies
Chapter 24: Table of Authorities
Chapter 25: Index to Evidence in Negligence Cases

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