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Preface |
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Chapter 1: |
Introduction |
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- § 1:1 : What Is the Relationship of Copyright to Other Forms of Intellectual Property Protection?1-2
- § 1:1.1 : Intellectual Property Generally1-2
- § 1:1.2 : Copyrights1-4
- § 1:1.3 : Patents1-5
- § 1:1.4 : Trademarks1-6
- § 1:1.5 : Trade Secrets1-8
- § 1:1.6 : Unfair Competition/Misappropriation1-9
- § 1:1.7 : Right of Publicity1-9
- § 1:2 : What Are the Constitutional and Statutory Limits to Copyright Protection?1-10
- § 1:2.1 : “To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts”1-11
- § 1:2.2 : “Writings” of “Authors”1-12
- § 1:2.3 : The “exclusive Right”1-13
- § 1:2.4 : “For limited Times”1-14
- § 1:2.5 : Works Eligible for Protection1-15
- § 1:2.6 : Fixation1-16
- § 1:2.7 : Idea Versus Expression1-17
- § 1:3 : What Statutes Govern Copyright Protection?1-18
- § 1:3.1 : 1909 Copyright Act1-18
- § 1:3.2 : 1976 Copyright Act1-19
- § 1:3.3 : Berne Convention Implementation Act1-19
- § 1:3.4 : Architectural Works Copyright Protection Act1-20
- § 1:3.5 : Visual Artists Rights Act1-20
- § 1:3.6 : Audio Home Recording Act1-21
- § 1:3.7 : Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act1-21
- § 1:3.8 : Digital Millennium Copyright Act: Anti-Circumvention/Copyright Management Data1-23
- § 1:3.9 : Digital Millennium Copyright Act: Limiting Online Service Provider Liability1-23
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Chapter 2: |
Subject Matter |
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- Part A: : What Qualifies for Copyright Protection?2-2
- § 2:1 : What Types of Creative Efforts Qualify for Copyright Protection?2-2
- § 2:2 : The Constitutional Concept of “Writings”2-2
- § 2:2.1 : Originality2-4
- § 2:2.2 : Expression2-9
- [A] : Ideas and Scènes à Faire2-10
- [B] : Merger of Idea and Expression2-14
- [C] : Computer Programs and the Idea/Expression Doctrine2-17
- [D] : Facts and Historical Research2-20
- § 2:2.3 : Fixation2-22
- [A] : The Problem of Live Performances2-24
- [B] : Sui Generis Protection for Live Musical Performances2-25
- § 2:3 : The Forward-Looking Nature of Section 102(a)2-26
- § 2:4 : The Significance of Media-Neutral Definitions2-27
- § 2:5 : Specific Types of Works of Authorship2-29
- § 2:5.1 : Literary Works2-30
- [A] : Computer Programs As “Literary Works”2-30
- § 2:5.2 : Musical Works2-32
- § 2:5.3 : Dramatic Works2-33
- § 2:5.4 : Pantomimes and Choreographic Works2-33
- § 2:5.5 : Pictorial, Graphic, and Sculptural Works2-34
- [A] : Reproductions2-35
- [B] : Utilitarian Works2-37
- § 2:5.6 : Motion Pictures and Other Audiovisual Works2-40
- § 2:5.7 : Sound Recordings2-43
- § 2:5.8 : Architectural Works2-46
- § 2:5.9 : Compilations and Collective Works2-49
- § 2:5.10 : Derivative Works2-53
- [A] : “Framing” Cases2-55
- Part B: : What Does Not Qualify for Copyright Protection?2-56
- § 2:6 : What “Creative” Efforts Are Excluded from Copyright Protection?2-56
- § 2:7 : Other Categories of Unprotectible Subject Matter2-57
- § 2:7.1 : Government Works2-57
- § 2:7.2 : Typefaces2-60
- § 2:7.3 : Immoral or Obscene Works2-60
- § 2:7.4 : Works Lacking Sufficient Original Expression2-61
- § 2:8 : When Protection for Ideas May Be Available2-63
- § 2:9 : “Sweat of the Brow”2-68
- Part C: : Specially Protectible Subject Matter2-70
- § 2:10 : Databases2-70
- § 2:11 : Semiconductor Chips2-73
- § 2:12 : Boat Hull Designs2-73
- Part D: : The Issue of Preemption2-74
- § 2:13 : Preemption2-74
- § 2:13.1 : Subject Matter Requirement2-76
- § 2:13.2 : Equivalency Requirement2-78
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Chapter 3: |
Ownership and Transfer |
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- § 3:1 : Introduction3-2
- § 3:2 : Who Can Own the Copyright in a Given Work3-3
- § 3:2.1 : Individual Authors3-3
- [A] : Ownership Under the 1976 Copyright Act3-3
- [B] : Ownership Under the 1909 Copyright Act3-6
- § 3:2.2 : Joint Authors3-7
- [A] : Joint Ownership Under the 1976 Act3-7
- [A][1] : The “Intent” Requirement3-10
- [B] : Joint Ownership Under the 1909 Act3-13
- § 3:2.3 : Authors of Works Made for Hire3-15
- [A] : The 1976 Act3-15
- [A][1] : Works Prepared Within Scope of Employment3-16
- [A][2] : Writings by University Professors3-19
- [A][3] : Works Prepared by Independent Contractors3-22
- [B] : The 1909 Act3-24
- § 3:2.4 : Authors of Contributions to Collective Works3-28
- [A] : The 1909 Act and the Concept of Copyright Indivisibility3-28
- [B] : The 1976 Act, Copyright Divisibility and Ownership by Authors of Contributions3-30
- § 3:2.5 : Government Works3-33
- § 3:3 : The Concept of Divisibility3-34
- § 3:4 : Distinction Between Owning a Copyright and Owning a Physical Copy or Phonorecord (First Sale Doctrine)3-36
- § 3:5 : Transfer Types3-38
- § 3:5.1 : Ownership by Virtue of Voluntary Transfer3-38
- [A] : Voluntary Transfers Under the 1976 Act3-38
- [B] : Voluntary Transfers Under the 1909 Act3-39
- § 3:5.2 : Involuntary Transfers3-40
- § 3:6 : Transfer Rules3-40
- § 3:6.1 : When a Writing Is Required3-41
- [A] : The 1976 Act3-41
- [B] : The 1909 Act3-45
- § 3:6.2 : How the Writing Requirement Is Satisfied3-45
- § 3:6.3 : The Difference Between a Transfer and a Nonexclusive License3-48
- § 3:6.4 : Transfers and Licenses Under Joint Owners3-50
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Chapter 4: |
Copyright Practice--Exclusive Rights |
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- § 4:1 : What Rights Does a Copyright Owner Enjoy?4-2
- § 4:1.1 : The Reproduction Right—17 U.S.C. § 106(1)4-4
- [A] : Limited Reproduction and Adaptation Rights in Sound Recordings4-9
- § 4:1.2 : The Right to Prepare Derivative Works—17 U.S.C. § 106(2)4-10
- [A] : Transformations That Do Not Infringe4-12
- [B] : The Composite Nature of Derivative Works4-13
- [C] : Derivative Works That Infringe: Originality and Fixation4-17
- § 4:1.3 : The Right to Distribute Copies of the Work to the Public—17 U.S.C. § 106(3)4-20
- [A] : The First Sale Doctrine4-22
- [B] : Contractual Limitations on the First Sale Doctrine4-25
- [C] : Importation and “Gray Market” Goods4-29
- § 4:1.4 : The Right to Perform the Work Publicly—17 U.S.C. § 106(4)4-32
- [A] : What Is a “Performance”?4-32
- [B] : What Makes a Performance “Public”?4-35
- [B][1] : The Public Place Clause4-35
- [B][2] : The Transmit Clause4-37
- [C] : Collective Licensing of Public Performances4-41
- [D] : The Digital Audio Performance Right—17 U.S.C. § 106(6)4-42
- [D][1] : The Case of Webcasters4-44
- [D][2] : The Case of Traditional Broadcasters Who Also Webcast4-46
- § 4:1.5 : The Right to Display the Work Publicly—17 U.S.C. § 106(5)4-47
- § 4:2 : What Are Moral Rights?4-50
- § 4:2.1 : Moral Rights Under Federal and State Law4-51
- § 4:2.2 : Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990 (VARA)4-54
- [A] : What Rights Does VARA Provide?4-54
- [B] : Transfer and Waiver4-58
- [C] : Scope and Duration of VARA Rights4-59
- [D] : Works of Visual Art Incorporated into Buildings4-60
- [E] : What Is a “Work of Recognized Stature”?4-60
- [F] : Beware “The Ides of March”4-61
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Chapter 5: |
Deposit, Registration, and Recordation |
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- § 5:1 : Introduction: The Policy Role of Deposit and Registration5-2
- § 5:2 : Depositing Material5-2
- § 5:2.1 : Deposit Generally5-2
- § 5:2.2 : Deposit Requirements; “Best Edition”5-3
- § 5:2.3 : Exceptions to the Mandatory Deposit Requirement5-5
- § 5:2.4 : Consequences for Failure to Deposit5-6
- § 5:2.5 : Deposit for Works Distributed Online5-7
- § 5:3 : Registration5-8
- § 5:3.1 : Why Register?5-8
- § 5:3.2 : How to Register5-15
- [A] : The Application5-15
- [A][1] : Who May Submit an Application?5-15
- [A][2] : How to Complete the Proper Application Form5-16
- [B] : Registration of Multiple Works5-20
- [C] : Works Consisting of Sounds or Images5-23
- [D] : Fees and Deposit Accounts5-24
- [E] : “Special Handling” of Copyright Applications5-25
- § 5:3.3 : The Process After an Application Is Submitted5-25
- [A] : Corrections and Amplifications to an Application5-26
- [B] : Effect of Errors or Omissions5-27
- [C] : Examination5-28
- [D] : Correspondence Concerning Pending Applications5-30
- [E] : Refusals and Appeals5-31
- [F] : Cancellations5-32
- § 5:3.4 : Preregistration5-33
- § 5:4 : Recordation5-34
- § 5:4.1 : The Purpose of Recordation5-34
- § 5:4.2 : Documents That May Be Recorded5-35
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Chapter 6: |
Publication and Notice |
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- § 6:1 : Introduction: Publication and Notice Under the 1909 and 1976 Acts6-2
- § 6:1.1 : Publication Under the 1909 Act6-6
- [A] : “Investive” and “Divestive” Publication Under the 1909 Act6-7
- [B] : Limited Publication Under the 1909 Act6-9
- [C] : General Publication Under the 1909 Act6-10
- [D] : Public Performance or Display Under the 1909 Act6-12
- § 6:1.2 : Publication Under the 1976 Act6-14
- [A] : The Express Definition of Publication Under the 1976 Act6-14
- [A][1] : “Distribution of copies or phonorecords . . . to the public”6-15
- [A][2] : “Offering to distribute copies or phonorecords”6-17
- [A][3] : “Public performance or display of a work does not of itself constitute publication”6-17
- [B] : The Significance of Publication Under the 1976 Act6-19
- [B][1] : Fair Use6-20
- [B][2] : Statutory Remedies6-22
- § 6:2 : Is Copyright Notice Required?6-23
- § 6:2.1 : Works Published Before 1978 (The 1909 Act)6-24
- [A] : Exceptions for Notice Errors Involving Licensees Under the 1909 Act6-25
- [B] : Defective Notice Under the 1909 Act6-26
- [C] : Notices Affixed to Collective Works Under the 1909 Act6-27
- § 6:2.2 : Works Published Between January 1, 1978, and March 1, 1989 (The 1976 Act As Initially Enacted)6-30
- [A] : Notices Affixed to Collective Works Under the 1976 Act6-31
- § 6:2.3 : Works Published On or After March 1, 1989 (The 1976 Act As Amended by the Berne Convention Implementation Act)6-32
- § 6:2.4 : The Form and Placement of Notice Under the 1909 and 1976 Acts6-33
- [A] : Claim6-33
- [B] : Year6-34
- [B][1] : Error in Date Under the 1909 Act6-34
- [B][2] : Error in Date Under the 1976 Act6-35
- [C] : Name6-36
- [D] : Placement6-37
- § 6:2.5 : The Effect of Improper or Omitted Notice Under the 1909 and 1976 Acts6-40
- [A] : The 1909 Act6-40
- [B] : The 1976 Act6-41
- [B][1] : Omission of Notice from a “Relatively Small Number of Copies”6-42
- [B][2] : “Curing” Defective Notice6-42
- [B][3] : Failure of Authorized Third Parties to Comply with Notice Provisions6-43
- [C] : Innocent Infringement Under the 1976 Act6-44
- [C][1] : Actual Notice6-44
- [C][2] : Works Consisting Predominantly of Works by the U.S. Government6-45
- § 6:2.6 : Special Practice Topic: Does Publication of a Derivative Work Constitute Publication of the Preexisting Work?6-45
- [A] : Sound Recordings and Musical Works6-46
- [B] : Motion Pictures and Screenplays6-47
- [C] : Works in Other Media6-50
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Chapter 7: |
Duration and Renewal; And Appendices 7A-7B |
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- § 7:1 : Introduction7-2
- § 7:2 : Works Created on or After January 1, 19787-4
- § 7:2.1 : Single Author (Works Other Than Anonymous Works, Pseudonymous Works and Works Made for Hire)7-4
- § 7:2.2 : Joint Authors7-5
- § 7:2.3 : Anonymous and Pseudonymous Works7-6
- § 7:2.4 : Works Made for Hire7-7
- § 7:3 : Works Created Before January 1, 19787-8
- § 7:3.1 : Unpublished Works (Works Previously Protected by Common-Law Copyright)7-8
- § 7:3.2 : Published Works in Their First Term on January 1, 19787-9
- [A] : Automatic Renewal Provisions7-9
- [B] : Works Whose First Term Expired Before January 1, 19927-12
- § 7:3.3 : Works in Their Renewal Term on January 1, 19787-12
- § 7:4 : Renewal Rights7-13
- § 7:4.1 : Timing of Application for Renewal7-14
- § 7:4.2 : Entitlement to Renewal and Statutory Succession7-15
- § 7:4.3 : Assignment of Renewal7-16
- § 7:4.4 : Vesting of Renewal7-17
- § 7:4.5 : Posthumous Works7-18
- § 7:4.6 : Derivative Works7-19
- § 7:5 : Termination of Transfers7-22
- § 7:5.1 : Purpose of Termination Provisions7-22
- § 7:5.2 : Transfers Effected on or After January 1, 19787-23
- [A] : Scope7-23
- [B] : Persons Entitled to Exercise7-24
- [C] : Effective Date7-25
- [D] : Manner of Terminating: Notice7-25
- [E] : Effect of Termination7-26
- [F] : Further Grants of Reverted Rights7-26
- [G] : Derivative Works7-29
- § 7:5.3 : Transfers Effected Before January 1, 19787-29
- [A] : Scope7-30
- [B] : Persons Entitled to Exercise7-31
- [C] : Effective Date7-32
- [D] : Further Grants of Reverted Rights7-32
- [E] : Answer to Hypothetical7-33
- § 7:6 : Copyright “Restoration”7-33
- Appendix 7A : Duration Decision TreeApp. 7A-1
- Appendix 7B : Termination Decision TreeApp. 7B-1
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Chapter 8: |
Fair Use Doctrine |
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- § 8:1 : Overview8-1
- § 8:2 : Weighing the Costs—How to Advise Clients8-3
- § 8:2.1 : Fair Use Checklist8-4
- § 8:3 : Basis of the Fair Use Doctrine8-5
- § 8:3.1 : What Is the Purpose of the Fair Use Doctrine?8-6
- [A] : Balance in Copyright Law8-6
- [B] : First Amendment Issues8-7
- § 8:4 : What Are the Elements of the Fair Use Defense?8-8
- § 8:4.1 : Illustrative Purposes Set Out in Preamble to Section 1078-11
- § 8:4.2 : Factor One: Type of Unauthorized Use8-12
- § 8:4.3 : Factor Two: Distinction Between Fanciful and Factual Copyrighted Works8-18
- § 8:4.4 : Factor Three: Amount of the Work That Can Be Used8-20
- § 8:4.5 : Factor Four: Impact on the Market for, or Value of, the Copyrighted Work8-21
- § 8:5 : How Have Specific Instances of the Fair Use Defense Been Resolved?8-25
- § 8:5.1 : Off-Air Taping8-25
- [A] : Home Taping for Private Use8-25
- [B] : Taping for Public Use8-26
- § 8:5.2 : Fair Use of Digital Audio Files8-27
- § 8:5.3 : Reverse Engineering8-29
- § 8:5.4 : Search Engines8-32
- § 8:5.5 : Parodies8-34
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Chapter 9: |
Specific Limitations on a Copyright Owner's Exclusive Rights |
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- § 9:1 : Introduction9-2
- § 9:2 : Home Recording9-3
- § 9:2.1 : Video Recording9-3
- § 9:2.2 : Audio Recording9-3
- § 9:3 : Corporate Photocopying9-7
- § 9:4 : Library Photocopying and Archival Uses9-10
- § 9:4.1 : General Prerequisites for Library or Archival Copying9-10
- § 9:4.2 : Quantity Limitations9-10
- § 9:4.3 : Works Subject to Library or Archival Copying9-11
- § 9:4.4 : Copying of Published Works During Last Twenty Years of Term9-11
- § 9:4.5 : Preservation and Security of Unpublished Works9-12
- § 9:4.6 : Replacement of Unobtainable Published Works9-12
- § 9:4.7 : Reproduction of Articles or Excerpts of Copyrighted Works at Request of Users9-13
- § 9:4.8 : Reproduction of Entire Copyrighted Works at Request of Users9-14
- § 9:4.9 : Unsupervised Copying by Library Users9-14
- § 9:4.10 : Audiovisual News Programs9-14
- § 9:4.11 : Effect of Section 108 on Other Rights and Obligations9-15
- § 9:5 : Classroom Uses9-15
- § 9:5.1 : Reproduction of Copyrighted Works and the Fair Use Guidelines9-15
- § 9:5.2 : Performance and Display of Copyrighted Works9-16
- [A] : Instructional Performances and Displays9-17
- [B] : Religious Services9-20
- [C] : Certain Other Nonprofit Performances9-20
- [D] : Reception in Public Place9-21
- [E] : Retail Sale of Phonorecords9-23
- [F] : Agricultural Fairs9-24
- [G] : Transmission to Aurally and Visually Impaired9-24
- § 9:6 : Noncommercial Broadcasting9-24
- § 9:7 : Ephemeral Recordings9-25
- § 9:7.1 : General Provisions9-25
- § 9:7.2 : Ephemeral Recordings in Connection with Digital Transmissions9-26
- § 9:8 : Limitations on Rights in Sound Recordings9-28
- § 9:8.1 : General Limitations9-28
- § 9:8.2 : Digital Audio Transmissions9-29
- § 9:9 : License to Record Nondramatic Musical Works: “Compulsory” and “Mechanical” Licenses9-31
- § 9:10 : Compulsory License for Digital Phonorecord Deliveries9-34
- § 9:11 : Backing Up and Maintenance of Computer Programs9-35
- § 9:12 : Rental Activities9-37
- § 9:12.1 : Impact of First Sale Doctrine9-37
- § 9:12.2 : Record Rental9-38
- § 9:12.3 : Computer Programs9-38
- § 9:13 : Secondary Transmissions9-39
- § 9:13.1 : Exempt Secondary Transmissions9-39
- § 9:13.2 : Cable9-40
- § 9:13.3 : Satellite Carriers9-41
- [A] : Superstations and National Stations9-41
- [B] : Local Broadcasters9-42
- § 9:14 : Jukeboxes9-42
- § 9:15 : Architectural Works9-43
- § 9:16 : Reproduction for Blind or Other Disabled People9-43
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Chapter 10: |
Clearing Rights; And Appendix 10A: Copyright Office Circular 22: How to Investigate the Copyright Status of a Work |
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- § 10:1 : Introduction and Rights Clearance Checklist10-2
- § 10:2 : Deciding Whether to Seek Rights Clearance: Is the Work Protected by a Valid Copyright?10-4
- § 10:2.1 : Is the Work in the Public Domain?10-4
- § 10:2.2 : Is the Proposed Use Infringing?10-6
- § 10:2.3 : Is a Compulsory License Available?10-7
- § 10:2.4 : Is the Work Covered by Other Forms of Intellectual Property Protection?10-8
- § 10:3 : Dealing with Rights Holders10-10
- § 10:3.1 : Who Owns the Rights?10-10
- § 10:3.2 : Clearing Rights to Musical Works and Sound Recordings10-12
- § 10:3.3 : Clearing Rights to Works by Foreign Authors10-14
- § 10:4 : Practical Tips for Clearing Rights10-15
- § 10:4.1 : Initiating Contact10-15
- § 10:4.2 : Dealing with Specific Rights-Holder Organizations10-15
- [A] : Licensing for Reproduction: Copyright Clearance Center10-16
- [B] : Mechanical and Synchronization Rights: The Harry Fox Agency10-17
- [C] : Performance Rights for Musical Works: ASCAP/BMI/SESAC10-18
- [D] : Rights to Broadcast Video Material: Motion Picture Licensing Corporation10-20
- [E] : Insurance Coverage10-20
- Appendix 10A : Copyright Office Circular 22: How to Investigate the Copyright Status of a WorkApp. 10A-1
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Chapter 11: |
Copyright Practice--Infringement |
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- § 11:1 : Introduction11-2
- § 11:2 : What Constitutes Actionable Copyright Infringement?11-3
- § 11:3 : Where Can Infringement Actions Be Brought?11-4
- § 11:3.1 : Federal Court Subject Matter Jurisdiction11-4
- [A] : “Arising Under” the Copyright Act11-4
- [B] : Registration11-12
- § 11:3.2 : Arbitration11-14
- § 11:3.3 : Preemption of State-Law Claims11-14
- [A] : The Extra-Element Test11-14
- [B] : Unfair Competition and Consumer Protection Act Claims11-16
- [C] : Contract Claims: Breach and Interference11-19
- [D] : Right of Publicity Claims11-21
- [E] : Unjust Enrichment Claims11-23
- [F] : Property Claims11-24
- [G] : Other State-Law Claims11-26
- [H] : State Criminal Law11-27
- § 11:3.4 : Extraterritorial Claims11-28
- § 11:4 : Personal Jurisdiction and Venue11-31
- § 11:4.1 : Personal Jurisdiction11-31
- [A] : Long-Arm Statutes and Minimum Contacts11-31
- [B] : Personal Jurisdiction Over Foreign Defendants11-34
- § 11:4.2 : Venue11-35
- § 11:5 : Standing to Sue11-36
- § 11:6 : Elements of an Infringement Claim11-38
- § 11:6.1 : Establishing the Prima Facie Case11-38
- § 11:6.2 : Proving Infringement11-38
- [A] : Actual Copying: Access and Probative Similarity11-39
- [B] : Striking Similarity11-43
- [C] : Actionable Copying: Substantial Similarity11-44
- § 11:6.3 : De Minimis Copying11-56
- § 11:6.4 : The Role of Expert Testimony11-57
- § 11:6.5 : The Right to Jury Trial11-58
- § 11:7 : What Defenses Exist?11-59
- § 11:7.1 : Independent Creation11-59
- § 11:7.2 : Fair Use11-60
- § 11:7.3 : Statute of Limitations11-61
- § 11:7.4 : Sovereign Immunity11-66
- § 11:7.5 : Equitable Defenses11-70
- [A] : Estoppel11-70
- [B] : Laches11-72
- [C] : Abandonment11-73
- [D] : Copyright Misuse11-74
- [E] : Unclean Hands11-77
- § 11:7.6 : Fraud on the Copyright Office11-78
- § 11:8 : Direct and Indirect Liability11-79
- § 11:8.1 : Contributory Infringement11-80
- § 11:8.2 : Vicarious Infringement11-85
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Chapter 12: |
Copyright Practice--Remedies |
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- § 12:1 : Introduction12-2
- § 12:2 : Three Types of Monetary Remedies12-2
- § 12:3 : Registration As a Precondition for Statutory Damages12-4
- § 12:3.1 : When to Register12-5
- § 12:3.2 : When Infringement Commences12-6
- § 12:3.3 : Registration As Part of a Collective Work; Derivative Works12-7
- § 12:4 : Statutory Damages12-9
- § 12:4.1 : Infringement Not Willful or Innocent12-10
- § 12:4.2 : Willful Infringement12-14
- § 12:4.3 : Innocent Infringement12-17
- § 12:5 : Actual Damages12-19
- § 12:5.1 : Measuring Damages12-20
- [A] : Diminution in Market Value12-20
- [B] : Lost Profits12-21
- [C] : Lost Opportunity to License12-22
- [D] : Level of Proof12-25
- § 12:6 : Defendant’s Profits12-25
- § 12:6.1 : Proving Gross Revenues12-26
- § 12:6.2 : Proving Deductible Expenses and Profit Not Attributable to Infringement: The Defendant’s Burden12-28
- [A] : Profits Only12-30
- [B] : Production Costs and Overhead12-30
- [C] : Profits Not Attributable to Infringement12-31
- § 12:7 : Right to Jury Trial12-32
- § 12:8 : Attorney’s Fees12-33
- § 12:8.1 : Prevailing Party12-35
- § 12:8.2 : Fogerty Factors12-37
- [A] : Frivolousness of the Claims or Defenses12-38
- [B] : The Losing Party’s Motivation12-39
- [C] : The Objective Reasonableness of the Claim12-40
- [D] : The Need in the Particular Case to Advance Goals of Compensation or Deterrence12-42
- § 12:8.3 : Additional Considerations12-42
- § 12:8.4 : Assessing a Reasonable Fee12-43
- § 12:8.5 : Offer of Judgment Under FRCP 6812-45
- § 12:9 : Prejudgment Interest12-46
- § 12:10 : Declaratory Judgments12-47
- § 12:11 : Injunctions12-52
- § 12:11.1 : Preliminary Injunctions12-52
- § 12:11.2 : Permanent Injunctions12-54
- § 12:11.3 : The Scope of Injunctive Relief12-56
- § 12:11.4 : Impoundment and Destruction12-58
- § 12:11.5 : Recall Orders12-60
- § 12:12 : Criminal Penalties12-61
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Chapter 13: |
The Copyright Office |
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- § 13:1 : Introduction: Structure and Functions of the Copyright Office13-1
- § 13:1.1 : Divisions of the Copyright Office13-2
- § 13:2 : Filings Maintained by the Copyright Office13-2
- § 13:3 : Retrieving Copyright Office Records13-4
- § 13:3.1 : Inspection and Copying of Copyright Act Filings13-4
- § 13:3.2 : Inspection of Correspondence13-5
- § 13:3.3 : Requests for Copies13-6
- § 13:3.4 : Requests Under the Freedom of Information Act13-6
- § 13:4 : Other Information Offered by the Copyright Office13-7
- § 13:4.1 : Copyright Office Reports13-7
- § 13:4.2 : Laws and Regulations13-8
- § 13:5 : Communications with the Copyright Office13-8
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Chapter 14: |
Copyright in the Digital Age |
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- § 14:1 : Copyright Law in the Digital Age: Introduction and Background14-2
- § 14:2 : What Rights Are Implicated by Activities in the Online World?14-4
- § 14:2.1 : Activities That May Implicate Rights14-4
- § 14:2.2 : Rights Triggered by Email, List Servers, and Transmissions14-7
- § 14:2.3 : Rights Triggered by Uploading and Downloading14-11
- [A] : Reproduction14-11
- [B] : Derivative Works14-13
- [C] : Distribution14-14
- [D] : Performance14-18
- [E] : Display14-21
- [F] : Contributory Activity by the Service Provider14-22
- § 14:2.4 : Browsing14-22
- § 14:2.5 : Caching and Mirroring14-23
- § 14:2.6 : Linking14-26
- § 14:2.7 : Framing14-31
- § 14:2.8 : Digital Audio Transmissions14-35
- § 14:2.9 : Misappropriation and State-Law Claims14-38
- § 14:2.10 : Electronic File-Sharing14-43
- § 14:3 : Who Owns the Copyright in Works Online?14-45
- § 14:3.1 : Copyright in Original Work14-45
- § 14:3.2 : Transfers of Copyright in the Online Context14-46
- § 14:3.3 : Online Use of Copyrighted Works14-46
- [A] : Contractual Grants14-47
- [B] : Based Upon Section 201(c)14-49
- § 14:4 : Who Is Liable?14-51
- § 14:4.1 : Direct or Indirect Infringement14-51
- § 14:4.2 : Contributory Infringement14-58
- § 14:4.3 : Vicarious Liability14-70
- § 14:5 : Fair Use14-73
- § 14:6 : Activities Protected Under DMCA Safe Harbors14-78
- § 14:7 : The DMCA’s Anti-Circumvention Provisions and Removal of Copyright Management Information14-95
- § 14:7.1 : Circumvention of Technological Protection Measures14-95
- § 14:7.2 : Removal of Copyright Management Information14-110
- § 14:7.3 : Litigating DMCA Claims14-114
- § 14:8 : The Future of Copyright Online14-116
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Chapter 15: |
Table of Authorities |
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Chapter 16: |
Index to Copyright Law |
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