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Chapter 1: |
Introduction: The First Commercial Speech Doctrine |
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- § 1:1 : Regulation of Advertising1-1
- § 1:2 : Commercial Speech1-3
- § 1:3 : The First “Commercial Speech” Doctrine1-5
- § 1:3.1 : Valentine v. Chrestensen1-5
- § 1:3.2 : The Rule in Valentine: Justice Douglas Dissents1-7
- § 1:3.3 : New York Times Co. v. Sullivan1-9
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Chapter 2: |
Distinguishing Commercial from Noncommercial Speech |
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- § 2:1 : Introduction: What the Distinction Is and Why It Matters2-2
- § 2:2 : The Evolution of the Constitutional Definition: The Supreme Court Cases2-8
- § 2:3 : Lower Court Cases Considering “Combination” Advertising2-14
- § 2:4 : Lower Court Cases on Promotion of Movies, Books, and the Like2-29
- § 2:5 : The Expansive Treatment of Professional Marketing2-37
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Chapter 3: |
Creation and Consolidation: The Commercial-Speech Doctrine from Bigelow to Central Hudson |
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- § 3:1 : Emergence of the Modern Commercial-Speech Doctrine3-2
- § 3:2 : Valentine v. Chrestensen in the Courts3-4
- § 3:3 : Emerging Constitutional Protection for Advertising: The Pittsburgh Press Decision3-5
- § 3:4 : Bigelow v. Virginia3-7
- § 3:5 : Virginia Pharmacy3-11
- § 3:6 : Carey v. Population Services International3-15
- § 3:7 : Linmark Associates v. Willingboro3-16
- § 3:8 : Bates v. State Bar of Arizona3-16
- § 3:9 : In-Person Solicitation; Ohralik and Primus3-19
- § 3:10 : First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti3-22
- § 3:11 : Friedman v. Rogers3-23
- § 3:12 : Central Hudson and the Utilities Cases3-25
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Chapter 4: |
Age of Anxiety: The Commercial-Speech Doctrine from Metromedia to Posadas |
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- § 4:1 : Turbulence4-2
- § 4:2 : Metromedia, Inc. v. San Diego4-3
- § 4:3 : In re R.M.J. and Zauderer4-11
- § 4:4 : Bolger v. Youngs Drug Products Corp.4-14
- § 4:5 : Posadas de Puerto Rico Assocs. v. Tourism Co. of Puerto Rico4-17
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Chapter 5: |
Fits and Starts: The Commercial-Speech Doctrine from San Francisco Arts to Ibanez |
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- § 5:1 : Introduction5-2
- § 5:2 : San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Committee5-3
- § 5:3 : Shapero v. Kentucky Bar Association5-4
- § 5:4 : Board of Trustees of the State University of New York v. Fox5-10
- § 5:5 : Frank v. Minnesota Newspaper Association, Inc.5-14
- § 5:6 : Peel v. Attorney Registration & Disciplinary Commission of Illinois5-15
- § 5:7 : City of Cincinnati v. Discovery Network, Inc.5-20
- § 5:8 : Edenfield v. Fane5-22
- § 5:9 : United States v. Edge Broadcasting Co.5-23
- § 5:10 : Ibanez v. Florida Department of Business & Professional Regulation5-26
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Chapter 6: |
Age of Expansion: The Commercial-Speech Doctrine from Rubin to Western States |
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- § 6:1 : Introduction6-2
- § 6:2 : Rubin v. Coors Brewing Co.6-3
- § 6:3 : Florida Bar v. Went For It, Inc.6-6
- § 6:4 : 44 Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island6-11
- § 6:5 : Greater New Orleans Broadcasting Association v. United States6-16
- § 6:6 : Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly6-21
- § 6:7 : Glickman v. Wileman Bros. & Elliott, Inc. and United States v. United Foods, Inc.6-23
- § 6:8 : Thompson v. Western States Medical Center6-28
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Chapter 7: |
Defamation Based on Advertising |
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- § 7:1 : Introduction7-2
- § 7:2 : Case Law7-3
- § 7:2.1 : Cases Denying Heightened Constitutional Protection for Allegedly Defamatory Commercial Statements7-3
- § 7:2.2 : Cases Applying Standard Constitutional Protections to Defamation Claims Involving Commercial Speech7-9
- § 7:3 : Analysis of Appropriate Constitutional Standard for Defamation Claims Based on Commercial Statements7-11
- § 7:3.1 : Generally7-11
- § 7:3.2 : Increased Recognition of Constitutional Protection for Truthful and Nonmisleading Commercial Speech7-13
- § 7:3.3 : Greater Chilling Effect from Common-Law Remedies Against Commercial Speech7-16
- § 7:3.4 : Diminished State Interest in Regulating Defamatory Commercial Speech7-18
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Chapter 8: |
Disparagement |
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- § 8:1 : Introduction8-1
- § 8:2 : Elements of the Tort8-3
- § 8:3 : Defamation Compared8-3
- § 8:3.1 : Generally8-3
- § 8:3.2 : “Of and Concerning”8-5
- § 8:3.3 : Malice8-8
- § 8:3.4 : Falsity8-10
- § 8:3.5 : Privilege8-11
- § 8:3.6 : Damages8-12
- § 8:4 : Agricultural Disparagement Statutes8-13
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Chapter 9: |
Lanham Act and Misappropriation Claims |
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- § 9:1 : Introduction9-1
- § 9:2 : Statutory “Commercial” Threshold Under the Lanham Act9-2
- § 9:3 : Constitutional Limitations9-8
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Chapter 10: |
Publishers' Liability for Damages Resulting from False Advertising |
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- § 10:1 : Generally10-2
- § 10:2 : Analysis10-4
- § 10:2.1 : Common Law10-4
- § 10:2.2 : The First Amendment10-6
- § 10:2.3 : Statutory Immunity for Online Publishers (Section 230)10-7
- § 10:3 : Liability of the Advertiser10-9
- § 10:4 : Liability Permitted or Prescribed10-10
- § 10:4.1 : Negligence, Gross Negligence, or Fraud10-10
- § 10:4.2 : Warranty10-11
- § 10:5 : Note on Contractual and Statutory Liability for Negligent Advertising10-12
- § 10:5.1 : Contracts10-12
- § 10:5.2 : Statutes10-13
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Chapter 11: |
The Right to Refuse Advertising |
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- § 11:1 : General Right to Refuse11-1
- § 11:2 : Right to Restrict Content11-4
- § 11:3 : Exceptions to the Right to Refuse11-4
- § 11:3.1 : Exceptions Based on Content11-4
- § 11:3.2 : Exceptions Based on the Governmental Nature of the Defendant11-7
- [A] : Public Transportation Property11-8
- [B] : Public School and University Media11-12
- § 11:3.3 : Other Exceptions11-13
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Chapter 12: |
Compelled Commercial Speech |
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- § 12:1 : Convergence of Two Doctrines12-1
- § 12:2 : Agricultural Assessment12-2
- § 12:3 : Alcohol Beverages12-17
- § 12:4 : Food, Food Additives, Drugs, and Supplements12-17
- § 12:5 : Environmental Advertising12-27
- § 12:6 : Video Game Labeling12-27
- § 12:7 : Professional Advertising12-29
- § 12:7.1 : Accountants12-29
- § 12:7.2 : Attorneys12-31
- § 12:7.3 : Dentists12-38
- § 12:8 : Securities and Commodities12-39
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Chapter 13: |
Regulation of the Advertising Medium |
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- § 13:1 : Regulation of the Broadcast Media13-3
- § 13:2 : Regulation of Billboards and Political Signs13-5
- § 13:2.1 : On-Site and Off-Site Signs and Billboards13-6
- [A] : Federal Circuit Court Decisions13-6
- [A][1] : First Circuit13-6
- [A][2] : Second Circuit13-7
- [A][3] : Third Circuit13-8
- [A][4] : Fourth Circuit13-11
- [A][5] : Fifth Circuit13-15
- [A][6] : Sixth Circuit13-15
- [A][7] : Seventh Circuit13-19
- [A][8] : Eighth Circuit13-20
- [A][9] : Ninth Circuit13-21
- [A][10] : Tenth Circuit13-33
- [A][11] : Eleventh Circuit13-33
- [B] : Federal District Court and State Decisions13-40
- [B][1] : Alabama13-40
- [B][2] : Alaska13-41
- [B][3] : Arizona13-41
- [B][4] : Arkansas13-41
- [B][5] : California13-42
- [B][6] : Colorado13-54
- [B][7] : Connecticut13-54
- [B][8] : Florida13-55
- [B][9] : Georgia13-61
- [B][10] : Idaho13-63
- [B][11] : Illinois13-64
- [B][12] : Indiana13-66
- [B][13] : Iowa13-67
- [B][14] : Kentucky13-67
- [B][15] : Maryland13-70
- [B][16] : Massachusetts13-71
- [B][17] : Michigan13-72
- [B][18] : Minnesota13-81
- [B][19] : Missouri13-83
- [B][20] : Montana13-84
- [B][21] : New Hampshire13-85
- [B][22] : New Jersey13-86
- [B][23] : New York13-89
- [B][24] : Ohio13-96
- [B][25] : Oregon13-101
- [B][26] : Pennsylvania13-102
- [B][27] : Rhode Island13-105
- [B][28] : South Carolina13-106
- [B][29] : Texas13-107
- [B][30] : Virginia13-114
- [B][31] : Washington13-115
- [B][32] : Wisconsin13-117
- § 13:2.2 : Political Signs13-118
- [A] : Federal Circuit Court Decisions13-119
- [A][1] : Third Circuit13-119
- [A][2] : Fourth Circuit13-120
- [A][3] : Eighth Circuit13-121
- [A][4] : Ninth Circuit13-122
- [A][5] : Eleventh Circuit13-123
- [B] : Federal District Court and State Decisions13-123
- [B][1] : Alabama13-123
- [B][2] : California13-124
- [B][3] : Colorado13-124
- [B][4] : Connecticut13-124
- [B][5] : Florida13-125
- [B][6] : Georgia13-125
- [B][7] : Hawaii13-126
- [B][8] : Illinois13-126
- [B][9] : Maryland13-127
- [B][10] : Michigan13-127
- [B][11] : Minnesota13-128
- [B][12] : New Jersey13-128
- [B][13] : New York13-129
- [B][14] : North Carolina13-130
- [B][15] : Ohio13-131
- [B][16] : Pennsylvania13-131
- [B][17] : Washington13-131
- [B][18] : West Virginia13-132
- § 13:3 : Regulation of Electronic Media13-132
- § 13:3.1 : Regulation of Telemarketing and Telecommunications Advertising13-132
- § 13:3.2 : Regulation of Electronic Mail Advertising (“Spam”)13-147
- [A] : Introduction13-147
- [B] : Early Antispam Efforts13-147
- [C] : States Move Against Spam13-148
- [D] : Federal Regulation of Spam13-150
- [E] : First Amendment and Spam Regulations13-152
- § 13:4 : Taxation of Media and Advertising13-159
- § 13:4.1 : Taxation of Media13-159
- § 13:4.2 : Taxation of Advertising13-173
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Chapter 14: |
Regulation of Advertising Content |
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- § 14:1 : Adult Entertainment14-4
- § 14:2 : Airlines14-15
- § 14:3 : Alcohol Beverages14-18
- § 14:3.1 : Significance of Rubin and 44 Liquormart14-18
- § 14:3.2 : Cases Before Rubin and 44 Liquormart14-21
- § 14:3.3 : Effects of 44 Liquormart14-26
- § 14:4 : Arts and Crafts14-44
- § 14:5 : Automobiles14-45
- § 14:6 : Brothels and Escort Services14-49
- § 14:7 : Camps14-54
- § 14:8 : Clinical Laboratories14-54
- § 14:9 : Commercial Sponsorship14-55
- § 14:10 : Concerts and Sporting Events14-57
- § 14:11 : Contraceptives and Family Planning14-57
- § 14:12 : Currency14-58
- § 14:13 : Debt Collectors14-59
- § 14:14 : Drug Paraphernalia14-62
- § 14:15 : Environmental Advertising14-66
- § 14:16 : Fair Employment14-68
- § 14:17 : Fair Housing14-71
- § 14:18 : Financial Institutions14-83
- § 14:19 : Fireworks14-89
- § 14:20 : Food, Food Additives, Drugs, and Supplements14-89
- § 14:21 : Funeral Services14-113
- § 14:22 : Gasoline14-115
- § 14:23 : Guns and Firearms14-116
- § 14:24 : Hearing Devices14-118
- § 14:25 : Insurance14-119
- § 14:26 : Jury Influence14-124
- § 14:27 : Liquidation Sales14-127
- § 14:28 : Lotteries and Gambling14-128
- § 14:29 : “Made in U.S.A.” and Similar Labeling14-142
- § 14:30 : Nonprofessional Legal Services14-143
- § 14:31 : Pesticides14-145
- § 14:32 : Political Advertising14-145
- § 14:33 : Professional Advertising14-150
- § 14:33.1 : Attorneys14-151
- [A] : Supreme Court Cases14-151
- [B] : Alabama14-157
- [C] : Arkansas14-158
- [D] : California14-159
- [E] : Colorado14-161
- [F] : Connecticut14-161
- [G] : District of Columbia14-161
- [H] : Florida14-162
- [I] : Georgia14-170
- [J] : Illinois14-171
- [K] : Indiana14-173
- [L] : Iowa14-174
- [M] : Kentucky14-177
- [N] : Louisiana14-178
- [O] : Maryland14-179
- [P] : Michigan14-179
- [Q] : Minnesota14-181
- [R] : Mississippi14-182
- [S] : Nevada14-183
- [T] : New Jersey14-184
- [U] : New Mexico14-186
- [V] : New York14-188
- [W] : North Carolina14-192
- [X] : Ohio14-192
- [Y] : Oklahoma14-193
- [Z] : Pennsylvania14-194
- [AA] : South Carolina14-194
- [BB] : Tennessee14-195
- [CC] : Texas14-196
- [DD] : Washington14-198
- [EE] : West Virginia14-198
- [FF] : Wisconsin14-199
- [GG] : Federal14-200
- [HH] : Attorney Access to Law Enforcement Information14-201
- § 14:33.2 : Accountants14-210
- [A] : Supreme Court Cases14-210
- [B] : Lower Court Cases14-212
- § 14:33.3 : Chiropractors14-216
- § 14:33.4 : Dentists14-222
- § 14:33.5 : Engineers14-228
- § 14:33.6 : Interior Designers14-229
- § 14:33.7 : Opticians14-230
- § 14:33.8 : Pharmacists14-231
- § 14:33.9 : Physicians14-235
- § 14:33.10 : Psychics14-238
- § 14:33.11 : Psychological Services14-238
- § 14:34 : Public Utilities14-240
- § 14:35 : Real Estate14-248
- § 14:36 : Schools14-257
- § 14:37 : Securities and Commodities14-259
- § 14:38 : Solicitation of Business or Funds14-276
- § 14:39 : Tobacco14-298
- § 14:40 : Trade Names14-314
- § 14:41 : Trading Cards14-319
- § 14:42 : Video Games14-319
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Chapter 15: |
Table of Cases |
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Chapter 16: |
Defendant-Plaintiff Table |
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Chapter 17: |
Index to Advertising and Commercial Speech |
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